CA

Electrocardiogram changes: include *shortened ST segment and a widened T wave*. Constipation may occur early in the process.

The nurse manager is teaching the nursing staff about signs and symptoms related to hypercalcemia in a client with metastatic prostate cancer, and tells the staff that which is a late sign or symptom of this oncological emergency? Headache Dysphagia Constipation Electrocardiographic changes

Enlarged lymph nodes

A client is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of *Hodgkin's disease*. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to note specifically in the client?

Peritonitis, Hemorrhage, Fistula formation, Bowel Perforation.

A client is diagnosed as having a *bowel tumor*. The nurse should monitor the client for which complications of this type of tumor? *Select all that apply*. Flatulence Peritonitis Hemorrhage Fistula formation Bowel perforation Lactose intolerance

8 years

*Radiation therapy* is usually delayed until a child is ______ _______ old

Adenocarcinoma

- *Most Common* in *Non-smokers* -*Moderate* growth rate -30-40% of Lung CA -No S/S until *Metastasis* -*Poor* response to *Chemo*

Malaise Malaise is the most common side effect of radiotherapy. For children, the fatigue may be especially distressing because it means they cannot keep up with their peers. Seizures are unlikely because irradiation would not usually involve the cranial area for treatment of lymphoma. Neuropathy is a side effect of certain chemotherapeutic agents. Lymphadenopathy is one of the findings of lymphoma.

A child with lymphoma is receiving extensive radiotherapy. What is the most common side effect of this treatment?

NO; adjunctive therapy and palliative measure

Does *Small cell carcinoma* respond well to *Chemo*? - How is *Radiation* used ?

periorbital swelling ( Early signs and symptoms generally occur in the morning and include edema of the face, especially around the eyes, and client complaints of tightness of a shirt or blouse collar.)

The nurse is monitoring a client for signs and symptoms related to superior vena cava syndrome. Which is an early sign of this oncological emergency?

Personal history of ulcerative colitis or gastrointestinal polyps (Common risk factors for colorectal cancer include age older than 40 years; first-degree relative with colorectal cancer; high-fat, low-fiber diet; and history of bowel problems, such as ulcerative colitis or familial polyposis.)

The nurse is participating in a health screening clinic and is preparing teaching materials about *colorectal cancer*. Which risk factor for colorectal cancer should the nurse include?

c.) "I will use a washcloth to wash the affected area." The hand rather than a washcloth should be used to wash the area to avoid irritation

The nurse is providing instructions to the client who is receiving external radiation therapy. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates the *need for further instruction?* a.) "I will dry affected areas with patting motions." b.) "I will wear soft clothing over the affected site." c.) "I will use a washcloth to wash the affected area." d.) "I need to make sure I carry my purse on the unaffected side."

Leukemia

The presence of *blast cells* in the bone marrow indicates

Hodgkin's disease

The presence of giant, multinucleated cells (*Reed-Sternberg cells*) is the classic characteristic of this disease.

Petechiae, fever, and fatigue (Signs of infiltration of the bone marrow are petechiae from lowered platelet count, fever related to infection from the depressed number of effective leukocytes, and fatigue from the anemia. Headache, papilledema, irritability, muscle wasting, weight loss, fatigue, decreased intracranial pressure, psychosis, and confusion are not signs of bone marrow involvement.)

What are the most common signs and symptoms of leukemia related to bone marrow involvement?

The diagnosis is usually made after metastasis occurs. Neuroblastoma is considered a "silent" tumor. In more than 70% of cases, the diagnosis is made after metastasis occurs. The neuroblastoma is usually located in the abdomen. Children younger than 1 year of age have a 75% survival rate; those older than age 1 year, only 50%. The diagnosis is not usually made until other sites have been invaded by the tumor.

What best describes a neuroblastoma?

Drugs allow for optimum cell destruction with minimum toxic effect. (Combining drugs allows for synergistic effects. Optimum cell cycle destruction with minimum toxic effects and decreased resistance by the cancer cells to the agent are possible. Routes of administration depend on the pharmacologic attributes of the drug. The routes do not influence interactions. Combination therapy usually has specific intervals to maximize synergistic effect. High doses of drugs are indicated in different regimens.)

What is the reason of chemotherapeutic drugs to treat cancer are often given in combination?

Kidney Wilms tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common intra-abdominal and kidney tumor of childhood. Wilms tumors are encapsulated and are located in the abdomen

Where are Wilms tumors (nephroblastomas) located?

a.) result of enlarged retroperitoneal nodes. Hepatosplenomegaly also is noted e.) painless, firm, and movable adenopathy in the cervical and supraclavicular areas

Which assessment findings are specifically characteristic of *Hodgkins Lymphoma* *SATA* question a.) Abdominal pain b.) Fever and malaise c.) Anorexia and weight loss d.) Painful, enlarged inguinal lymph nodes e.) Painless, firm, and movable adenopathy in the cervical area

2. Reduce, 3, Use, 4 Ensure

Which specific nursing interventions are implemented in the care of a child with leukemia who is at *risk for infection?* Select all that apply. 1. Maintain the child in a semiprivate room. 2. Reduce exposure to environmental organisms. 3. Use strict aseptic technique for all procedures. 4. Ensure that anyone entering the child's room wears a mask. 5. Apply firm pressure to a needle-stick area for at least 10 minutes.