Caffeine - Chp 11

What are the 3 actual varieties of tea?

-Black Tea -Green Tea -Oolong Tea

List the three key xanthines

-Caffeine ( all 3) - Theophylline ( Tea only) - Theobromine ( Chocolate only)

Variation in coffee characteristics are due to:

-Different varieties of the coffee tree -Different growing and processing conditions

Price Variations: When coffee prices go up...

-Quality of coffee decreases -People drink less coffee

Physiological effects of caffeine include:

-Stimulation of CNS and skeletal muscles -Causes sleep disturbances -Elevates mood -Constricts blood vessels in the brain

Tea has about 40 - 60 mg of caffeine per cup depending on the ...

-Type of tea -Strength of the brew

What three plants contain xanthines that have been used by humans for thousands of years?

1) Coffee 2) Tea 3) Cacao

What were the two periods of time where we saw coffee consumption in the US increase?

1) Following the taxation of tea + American Revolution 2) During and after Prohibition

Tea Preparation: Put the following in order -Placed in a cool damp place for fermentation -Dried -Rolled to crush the cells in the leave

1. Dried 2. Rolled to crush the cells in the leaves 3. Placed in a cool damp place for fermentation (oxidation)

List caffeinated beverages from highest to lowest caffeine content: Go Girl, Mountain Dew, Diet Coke, Hot Cocoa, Milk Chocolate, Rock Star, Instant Coffee, Black Tea, Decaf Coffee, Dark Chocolate, Red Bull, Brewed Coffee,

1. Rock Star - 160 mg/ serving 2. Brewed Coffee - 108 mg / serving 3. Go Girl - 100 mg / serving 4. Red Bull - 80 mg / serving 5. Instant Coffee - 57 mg / serving ------------------------------------------ 6. Mountain Dew - 54 mg / serving 7. Diet Coke - 45 mg / serving 8. Tea ( Black) - 42 mg /serving 9. Decaf Coffee - 6 mg/ serving 10. Hot Cocoa - 5 mg / serving 11. Dark Chocolate - 25 mg / bar 12. Milk Chocolate: 10-14 mg / bar

When was the Boston Tea Party?

1773

When and where was the first commercial blended coffee introduced

1892 at the Maxwell House Hotel

What effect does adenosine have

A calming effect

What is Theobromine?

A unique xanthenie found in chocolate -Acts in parallel fashion to caffeine but is much less potent in its CNS effects

Was tea known to have medical uses?

AD 350: Chinese manuscript describes many medical uses of tea

Half-life of caffeine is ...

About 3 hours

How much caffeine is in chocolate?

An average cup of cocoa contains about 4 mg of caffeine.

What are the differences between black, green and oolong tea?

Black Tea: Fully oxidized leaves Green Tea: Non oxidized leaves Oolong Tea: Partially oxidized leaves

How can caffeine be used as a treatment for headaches?

Caffeine helps relieve both migraine and non migraine headaches

What was the purpose of coffeehouses?

Coffeehouses became a location to relax, learn the news, seal bargains, and listen and learn from literary and political figures. -Cultural Place and a Social Place

Who introduced chocolate into Europe!?

Cortez -Chocolate drinking spread slowly -Was often sold alongside coffee and tea in established coffeehouses

Define caffeinism

Excessive use of caffeine

True or False: Theophylline is only found in coffee.

False! Theophylline is only found in tea!

True or False: Coffee has no historical medical uses

False! An Arabic Medical Book from 900AD suggested many medical uses of coffee.

True or False: Tea production is NOT labor intensive

False! Tea production is labor intensive. -Bushes must be regularly pruned to aid in harvesting new growth -Tea leaves are picked by hand every 6-10 days

What are the withdrawal symptoms of caffeine?

Headache and fatigue

How can caffeine be used as a treatment for hyperactivity?

High doses may decrease hyperactivity

Heart disease and caffeine:

High intake of caffeine may increase the risk of heart attack, particularly in those with other risk factors

About half of American coffee comes from ...

Latin America The rest: Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand

Where does chocolate originate from?

Mesoamerica

Where does Coffee originate from?

Middle East - Arabia

Fill in the blank: Coffee use spread throughout the _________ world and was later introduced to ___________.

Muslim; Europe

Following the American Revolution, major marketing campaigns ...

Promoted the switch from coffee to tea

Time course of caffeine is ...

Rapid

Toxicity of caffeine is ...

Relatively low - It would require about 100 cups of coffee to receive a fatal dose from oral caffeine

What is the main preparation of coffee?

Roasting beans -Commercial roasting began in 1790 -Vacuum packing ground coffee began in 1900

Where does the majority of America's tea come from?

Sri Lanka, India and Indonesia

Tea origin

Tea ( Camellia sinesis) originated in China

What is Theophylline?

Tea contains very small amount of theophylline -In high doses, theophylline is used as an asthma medication

When was decaf coffee popular?

The 70's!

After the American Revolution, to be a tea drinker was ...

To be loyal to the Crown

True or False: Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive drug

True!

True or False: Tea has more caffeine than coffee

True! BUT ... -1 pound of tea leaves = 200 cups of tea -1 pound of coffee = 50-60 cups of coffee

True or false: There is NO clear evidence that moderate caffeine consumption is dangerous

True! -Caffeine is not a risk factor in human cancer -Does have reproductive effects if consumed in high doses

Coffee and Caffeine

Type ( 5 oz) Average Caffeine Content ---------------------------------------------------- Brewed, drip 115 Brewed, percolator 80 Instant 65 Decaf, brewed 3 Decaf, instant 2

What is the annual per capita tea consumption in the UK and US?

UK: 5.5 pounds US: 1 pound

What was the English East India Company?

Was a partnership that imported India's tea to Europe

Peak levels of caffeine occur ...

Within 30 minutes

What class of chemicals does caffeine belong to?

Xanthines

Mechanism of action of caffeine ...

Xanthines BLOCK inhibitory receptors for ADENOSINE, thereby having a STIMULANT EFFECT.

Are there negative symptoms from consuming caffeine?

Yes! Including: irritability, tremors, insomnia, palpitations, etc.

Does caffeine have reinforcing properties?

Yes, caffeine has psychological reinforcing properties such as a feeling or reward.

In the US today, what is the per capita number of gallons of coffee consumed per year? a) 18 b) 24 c) 10 d) 30

b) 24

What year did the Dutch deliver tea to Europe? a) 1700 b) 1589 c) 1610 4) 1800

c) 1610

What percentage of America's tea come from Sri Lanka, India and Indonesia? a) 50 % b) 60 % c) 70 % d) 80%

c) 70%

When did U.S. coffee consumption per capita peak? a) 1953 b) 1969 c) 1980 d) 1946

d) 1946