Campbell Chapter 10

DNA and mRNA differ with respect to ... (d) the ability to make a double helix (a) the kind of sugar they contain Both (a) and (b) (c) how many kinds of nucleotides are used to make the polymer (b) the kinds of purines they contain

(a) the kind of sugar they contain

Which statement expresses a real difference between DNA and RNA? (a) DNA can make a double helix; RNA cannot (b) DNA is much longer than RNA (c) DNA has more kinds of bases than RNA Both (a) and (b) (a), (b), and (c)

(b) DNA is much longer than RNA

In a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar's ________ carbon and the phosphate group is attached to the sugar's ______ carbon - 1'...5' - 2'...3' - 2'...1' - 1'...3' - 1'...2'

1'...5'

Nucleic acids are assembled in the _______ direction - 4' to 5' - 5' to 1' - 2' to 3' - 1' to 5' - 5' to 3'

5' to 3'

The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is ______. - 1' to 5' - 5' to 3' - 1' to 3' - 3' to 5' -2' to 4'

5' to 3'

If you were to analyze a DNA sample from a eukaryotic cell, you would find that: (a) the number of purines equals the number of pyrimidines (b) the number of adenines equals the number of uracils (c) the number of guanines equals the number of cytosines Both (a) and (c) (a), (b), and (c)

Both (a) and (c)

Which one of the following does not play a role in a translation? - DNA - tRNA - ribosomes - amino acids - anticodon

DNA

Which statement helps to explain how DNA stores heredity information? - DNA contains four kinds of nitrogenous bases - DNA contains 20 kinds of amino acids - DNA is a self-replication type of protein - DNA binds a master copy of each kind protein - DNA is made from thousands of kinds of monomers

DNA contains four kinds of nitrogenous bases

Which of these is a difference between a DNA and an RNA molecule? - DNA is double-stranded, whereas RNA is single-stranded - DNA is a polymer composed of nucleotides, whereas RNA is a polymer composed of nucleic acids - DNA contains nitrogenous bases, whereas RNA contains phosphate groups - DNA contains five-carbon sugars, whereas RNA contains six-carbon sugars - DNA contains uracil, whereas RNA contains thymine

DNA is double-stranded, whereas RNA is single-stranded

The molecule that seals the gaps between the pieces of DNA in the lagging strand is - the leading strand - DNA ligase - DNA plyermase - the replication fork - RNA

DNA ligase

What enzyme joins DNA fragments? - primase - DNA polymerase - topoisomerase - DNA ligase

DNA ligase

Which statement about DNA replication is FALSE? - DNA polymerase builds a new strand by adding DNA nucleotides one at a time - the lagging strand is made of a series of pieces that must be joined together to make a continuous strand - DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand - the two strands of parental DNA are separated during DNA replication - because the two strands of parental DNA run in opposite directions, the new strands must be made in different ways

DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand

Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments? - only short DNA sequences can extend off the RNA primers - the replication forks block the formation of longer strands - DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 3' to 5' direction - it is more efficient than assembling complete new strands - DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction

DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction

Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments? - the replication forks block the formation of longer strands - DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 3' to 5' direction - DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction - only short DNA sequences can extend off the RNA primers - it is more efficient than assembling complete new strands

DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction

Which of the following occurs during DNA replication? - DNA polymerase elongates the daughter strand, adding new nucleotides to the 3' end of the molecule. The molecule grows 5' to 3' but is therefore read 3' to 5' - DNA polymerase forms daughter molecules. Ligase then links these molecules together at their 5' ends, forming the new daughter strand - DNA ligase replicates the new strand. DNA polymerase then proofreads the strand and makes any necessary corrections - DNA polymerase replicates the molecule 3' to 5' using the original strand as a template to form the new daughter molecule

DNA polymerase elongates the daughter strand, adding new nucleotides to the 3' end of the molecule. The molecule grows 5' to 3' but is therefore read 3' to 5'

Which of the following build(s) new strands of DNA? - the lagging strand - the origins of replication - DNA polymerases - the leading strand - parental DNA

DNA polymerases

The nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is GTA. A messenger RNA molecule with a complementary codon is transcribed form the DNA. In the process of protein synthesis, a tRNA pairs with the mRNA codon. What is the nucleotide sequence of the tRNA anticodon? - GUA - CUT - CAU - CAT

GUA

What hods the strands of the DNA double helix together? - attractions between the ionized phosphates - proteins that bind to DNA bases - covalent bonds between A and T, and between C and G - Hydrogen bonds between purines and pyrimidines - attractions between polar sugars

Hydrogen bonds between purines and pyrimidines

The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's ______ site - A - translocation - E - P - Q

P

The synthesis of a new strand begins with the synthesis of a(n) ______. - RNA primer complementary to a preexisting DNA strand - Okazaki fragment - poly(A) tail short pieces of DNA - single-strand binding protein

RNA primer complementary to a preexisting DNA strand

During DNA replication, which nucleotide will bind to an A nucleotide in the parental DNA? - C - G - T - A - U

T

Which of the following events occurs during transcription? - a molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA - a cap is added to the RNA molecule - mRNA binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm - those segments of the RNA strand that do not actually code for the protein are removed - the message in mRNA is translated into a protein

a molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA

Which of the following describes a complete nucleotide? - a nitrogenous base and a sugar - a sugar and a pyrimidine or purine - a nitrogenous base, an sugar, and a phosphate group - a sugar and a phosphate group

a nitrogenous base, an sugar, and a phosphate group

The four bases contained in DNA are ______. - adenine, guanine, purine, thymine - cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil - adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine - adenine, guanine, uracil, thymine

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

What do DNA and RNA have in common? - both form double helices - both are composed of nucleotides - they are composed of the same nucleotides - both contain deoxyribose

both are composed of nucleotides

Genetic mutations _________. - are most common in body parts that are used frequently - can occur naturally - are mainly caused by diseases associated with fetal development - are always passed on to the next generation

can occur naturally

Translation occurs in the _________. - cytoplasm - lysosome - nucleus - mitochondrion - nucleoplasm

cytoplasm

After DNA replication is completed ______. - one DNA double helix consists of two old strands and one DNA double helix consists of two new strands - each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands - there are four double helices - each the four DNA strands consists of some old strand parts and some new strand parts - each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand

each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand

After DNA replication is completed, _________. - each of the four DNA strands consists of some old strand parts and some new strand parts - there are four double helices - each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand - each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands - one DNA double helix consists of two old strands and one DNA double helix consists of two new strands

each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct? - each gene codes for three polypeptides - each DNA base codes for 3 amino acids - each amino acid in a polypeptide is coded for by three bases in the DNA - each triplet has many different meanings

each triplet has many different meanings

The RNA segments spliced to one another during RNA processing are ______. - caps - exons - snRNPs - tails - introns

exons

RNA processing involves the addition of ________ to the ends of the RNA transcript. - extra nucleotides - untranslated regions - a coding segment - extra amino acids - exons

extra nucleotides

The first step in the replication of DNA is catalyzed by______. - DNA polymerase - helicase - single-strand binding protein - ligase - primase

helicase

The two strands of a DNA molecule are joined to each other through ____. - covalent bonds between nitrogen atoms in adenine and in thymine - covalent bounds between carbon atoms in deoxyribose molecules - hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases - ionic bonds between guanine and cytosine

hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases

In eukaryotic cells, the RNA in processed before it leaves the nucleus. This processing ________. - includes the removal of intros before a cap and tail are added to the RNA molecule, forming the start site for translation once attached to the ribosome - includes the removal of eons before the addition of a cap and tail, which assist in binding of the ribosome - includes the addition of a cap and tail, which protect the mRNA molecule from enzymatic attack, and the removal of introns - includes the addition of a cap and tail, which help in exporting the mRNA molecule from the nucleus, and the removal of exons

includes the addition of a cap and tail, which protect the mRNA molecule from enzymatic attack, and the removal of introns

Which of the following statements correctly describes mRNA processing in eukaryotes? - introns are cut out, and the resulting exons are spliced together - exons are cut out, and the introns are spliced together - exons are cut out and transported to smooth endoplasmic reticulum - introns are cut out and spliced together at the end of the mRNA

introns are cut out, and the resulting exons are spliced together

Short segments of newly synthesized DNA are joined into a continuous strand by _________. - single-strand binding protein - primase - DNA polymerase - helicase - ligase

ligase

Which of the following does not occur during RNA processing? - segments of RNA that do code for the protein are reconnected - mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome - a modified guanine nucleotide is added to the beginning of the RNA strand, forming a tail - segments of the RNA strand that do not actually code for the protein are removed

mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome

Which of the following is a correct statement about mRNA? - mRNA binds directly to amino acids during translation - mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing - mRNA includes a cap that consists of extra adenine nucleotides - mRNA is transcribed form DNA in the cytoplasm - segments of mRNA that code for protein are removed before translation

mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing

A virus infects a cell and randomly inserts many short segments of DNA containing a stop codon throughout the organism's chromosomes. This will probably cause _____. - incorrect pairing between mRNA codons and amino acids - the DNA to break up into thousands of short segments - manufactured proteins to be short and defective - no deleterious effects, as long as the stop codons are not also inserted into tRNA

manufactured proteins to be short and defective

RNA nucleotides contain __________ than DNA nucleotides - less oxygen - less phosphorus - different purines - more oxygen - none of the above

more oxygen

The action of helicase creates ______. - primers and replication bubbles - replication forks and replication bubbles - DNA fragments and replication bubbles - primers and DNA fragments - DNA fragments and replication forks

replication forks and replication bubbles

The action of helicase creates _______. - primers and replication bubbles - replication forks and replication bubbles - primers and DNA fragments - DNA fragments and replication forks - DNA fragments and replication bubbles

replication forks and replication bubbles

The site of translation is - the golgi apparatus - the cell nucleus - the plasma membrane - ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm - ribosomes in the cell nucleus

ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm

During replication, the original "parent" DNA _______. - is converted to RNA - is broken down as a new DNA strand forms - is incorporated into the new DNA strand - serves as the template for the creation of two complete sets of DNA

serves as the template for the creation of two complete sets of DNA

At the start of translation, where does the initiator tRNA bind? - promoter on the rRNA molecule - A site - start codon on the mRNA molecule - P site

start codon on the mRNA molecule

An old DNA strand is used as a _______ for the assembly of a new DNA strand - model - template - source of nucleotides - primer - complement

template

If you measure the amounts of the bases in any sample of DNA, you'll find that... - the amount of A + the amount of G = the amount of T + the amount of C - the amount of A = the amount of G; the amount of T = the amount of C - the amount of A + the amount of C = the amount of G + the amount of U - the amount of A + the amount of T = the amount of G + the amount of C - none of the above

the amount of A + the amount of G = the amount of T + the amount of C

Which statement about DNA replication is CORRECT? - the lagging strand is built continuously - the leading strand is one of the strands of parental DNA - the lagging strand is one of the strands of parental DNA - the leading strand is built continuously, and the lagging strand is built in pieces - DNA ligase helps assemble the leading strand

the leading strand is built continuously, and the lagging strand is built in pieces

Which of the following statement sis true about double-stranded DNA? - it contains ionic bonds - Adenine and uracil are present in equal amounts - the strands run in opposite directions - the two strands are said to be identical

the strands run in opposite directions

Which of these nitrogenous bases is found in DNA but not in RNA? - guanine - thymine - uracil - adenine - cytosine

thymine

In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand alway pairs with a(n) ______ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _______ of the complementary strand - cytosine...thymine - thymine...cytosine - uracil...cytosine - guanine...adenine - cytosine...uracil

thymine...cytosine

In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) ________ of the complementary strand - uracil...cytosine - cytosine...uracil - guanine...adenine - thymine...cytosine - cytosine...thymine

thymine...cytosine

In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _______ of the complimentary strand and a guanine of one trans always pairs with a(n) ________ of the complementary strand - cytosine...thymine - guanin...adenine - cytosine...uracil - uracil...cytosine - thymine...cytosine

thymine...cytosine

During the process of translation, ________ matches an mRNA codon with the proper amino acid. - messenger RNA - transfer RNA - DNA polymerase - a ribosome

transfer RNA

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytoplasm? - removal of introns from RNA - translation - synthesis of the two ribosomal subunits - replication of DNA

translation