Cardiovascular system

where does the blood go after oxygenating the body tissues?

Right heart

right ventricle

PULMINARY ARTERIES. the chamber of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery

Which blood vessels return blood to the heart and what is the color

Pulmonary veins, red

Right side

Pumps blood To lungs

Left side

Pumps blood to the Body tissues

What does the heart muscle contain that no other part of the circulatory system has

Purkinje cells

blood going to body from heart

RED

superior vena cava

A vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body. -formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins.

What kind of valves are between atria and ventricles

AVVs

Atrioventricular valves

Atrioventricular (AV) valves lie between the atria and the ventricles. AV valves prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract. Chordae tendineae anchor AV valves to papillary muscles.

heart valves

Atrioventricular valves-lie between the atria and the ventricles • AV valves prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract • Chordae tendineae anchor AV valves to papillary muscles Semilunar valves- prevent back flow of blood into the ventricles. • Aortic semilunar valve lies between the left ventricle and the aorta. • Pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.

Where does the blood go from the left atrium

To the right atrium to the lungs

capillaries in trunk and lower limbs

systemic circuit - arteries and veins

capillaries in the head neck and upper limbs

systemic circuit- arteries and veins

RIGHT pulmonary arteries

takes blood from the right ventricle to the right lung -blue right

location, size, and position of the heart

the heart is roughly the size of a persons fist, length of 12 cm, width of 9 cm and depth of 6 cm. position and location is in the midstream behind the body of the sternum between the the 2-6 ribs. about 2/3 of the hearts mass is in the left of them mid line. posteriorly, the heart rests against the bodies of the 5th-8th thoracic vertebrae. lower part lies on diaphram- pointing to the left. the upper border of the heart lies just below the second rib.

The pericardium

the serous membrane lining the pericardial cavity, whic surrounds the heart.

blood going to lungs from body

BLUE

Trace blood through the heart

Blood begins at the right atrium, passes through the right atrioventricle valve, into the right ventricle, through the pulmonary semilunar valve, and into the pulmonary artery, which carries blood to the lungs. The blood returns by the way of the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, through the left atrioventricular valve, into the left ventricle, through the aortic semilunar valve, and out the aorta.

Where does the blood return to after being with the body organs

Right ventricle

Coronary Circulation: Venous Return

Blood used by the heart drains through coronary veins to the coronary sinus. Blood then returns to the right atrium to be pumped to the lungs.

arteries

Blood vessels that go away from the heart.

veins

Blood vessels that go the heart.

ascending aorta

Branches off the left ventricle; carries oxygen rich blood to parts of the body above the heart- PROXIMAL

Microscopic Anatomy of Heart Muscle

Cardiac muscle is striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected. The connective tissue endomysium acts as both tendon and insertion. Intercalated discs anchor cardiac cells together and allow free passage of ions. Heart muscle behaves as a functional syncytium (huge unit of cells together)

How does the heart muscle get oxygen

Coronary arteries off the aorta

Coronary Circulation: Arterial Supply

Coronary circulation is the blood supply to the heart muscle. Complete blockage of coronary arteries causes heart attack and death of cardiac muscle tissue

three layers of the heart wall

Epicardium— covers the outside of the heart.(mesothelium and areolar tissue) Myocardium — cardiac muscle. (cardiac muscle tissue) Endocardium — lines the inside of the heart. (areolar connective tissue and endothelium)

The pericardial fluid

Found between the parietal and the visceral layers of the Serous pericardium. Its function is to act as a lubricant between the heart and the pericardium.

What part of the eccentric conduction system sets the heartbeat

Gap conjunctions

what chamber does the blood leave to get oxygen to the heart muscle?

LEFT heart

where does your blood go after the lungs?

LEFT heart

Which is the AVV on the left

Mitral or bicuspid valve

Intrinsic conduction system

Nerve signals to the heart controlling heart contraction • Pacemaker = Sinoatrial (SA) node • Atrioventricular (AV) node • Bundle of HIS • Bundle branches • Purkinje fibers • Electrical signal spreads through the system with predictability (ECG)

Where is the epicardium found

On the hard surface

right atrium

PULMINARY ARTERIES. The chamber of the heart, where deoxygenated blood is received from the vena cava and then sent to the right ventricle.

capillaries in lungs

PULMINARY CURCUIT. oxygen enters blood and carbon dioxide leaves gas exchange. become oxygenated.

left atrium

PULMONARY VEIN- Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps it into systemic circulation.

For these vessels indicate if the blood traveling through the vessel is oxygenated or deoxygenated

Pulmonary trunk deoxygenated. Aorta oxygenated. Inferior vena cava deoxygenated. Superior vena cava deoxygenated. Pulmonary veins oxygenated.

Pathway of Blood Through the Heart and Lungs

Right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs Lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium Left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta -> systemic circulation.

How is the typical path of the blood in the body

Right heart to the lungs the left heart to the body

Semilunar Valves

Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles. Aortic semilunar valve lies between the left ventricle and the aorta. Pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.

pulmonary circuit

blood pathway from right side of heart to lungs to left side of heart.

heart chambers

The chambers of the heart are the right and the left atria which are the upper chambers the right and left ventricles which are the lower chambers. There's also the heart are the atrioventricular valves which are between the atria and ventricles and the semilunar valves which are between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery as well as a left ventricle and the aorta.

Aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

important

The sinoatrial (SA) node consist of cells located in the right atrial wall near the opening of the superior vena cava. The SA node initiates the contraction and spreads it through the rest of the atrial myocardium. The atrioventricular (AV) node is a small mass of cardiac muscle that lies in the right atrium along the lower part of the interatrial septum. The AV node is stimulated by the SA node. It then initiates a signal that is conducted to the ventricles. Av bundles (bundles of the HIS) are bundles of special cardiac muscle fibers that originate in the AV node and carry the stimulus down the two sides of the atrio-ventricular septum. They form the burning fibers, which extend out the lateral walls of the artioventricle septum, causing the ventricles to contract.

atrioventricular valve function

Valves located between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side of the heart, prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting.

structure of the pericardium and the function of each pericardial layer.

a loose fitting sac that covers the heart. the fibrous pericardium is a tough, loose fitting and inelestic sac around the heart. The Serous pericardium consists of two layers: the parietal layer which lines it inside of the fibrous layers and the visceral layer which adheres to the outside of the heart.

Chambers of the heart -1

a. Atria 1) Blood enters via veins. 2) Blood leaves to ventricles via AVV (atrioventricular valves). 3) Auricle is an external flap of the atrium. b. Ventricles

The basics:

a. Veins carry blood to the heart, to atria. b. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, from ventricles. c. No valves exist between veins and atria. d. Valves between atria and ventricles are called atrioventricular valves (also called cuspid valves). e. Semilunar valves are between the ventricles and the arteries. f. Both atria contract together. g. Both ventricles contract together

Visceral pericardium (epicardium)

covers the heart's outer surface.

systemic circuit

left heart - body tissues RED- right heart BLUE. job: oxygen to cells. Circuit of blood that carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

Parietal pericardium

lines the inner surface of the pericardial sac.

your right heart pumps blood where?

lungs

what color is the blood in the left side of the heart?

red

semilunar valve function

prevent back flow of blood from aorta and pulmonary trunk into ventricles.

bicuspid or mitral valve

prevent backflow of blood into the left atrium

aortic semilunar valve

prevent backflow of blood into the left ventricle

tricuspid valve

prevent backflow of blood into the right atrium

pulmonary semilunar valve

prevent backflow of blood into the right ventricle

interventricular septem

prevent blood from mixing between right and left.

cardiovascular tissue

pull oxygen out blood and turns it into carbon dioxide.

left ventricle

pulmonary vein- the chamber of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta.