Career Development
At its zenith the DOT listed a. approximately 10,000 job titles. b. nearly 5,000 job titles. c. approximately 20,000 job titles. d. nearly 100,000 job titles.
c. approximately 20,000 job titles.
In a lifetime the average person has: A. 10 to 15 jobs B. two jobs C. a single job and stays with it for his or her entire career D. about five jobs
A. 10 to 15 jobs
Research into the phenomenon of career maturity reflects the work of: A. John Crites B. Anne Roe C. John Holland D. Nancy Schlossberg
A. John Crites
The Kuder Career Planning System (KCPS) would be appropriate for: A. K-12, postsecondary, and even adults B. children who have not complete the sixth grade C. kids who have taken the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) D. high school students
A. K-12, postsecondary, and even adults
The trait and factor career counseling, actuarial, or matching approach (which matches client wit ha job) is associated with: A. Parsons and Williamson B. Roe and Brill C. Holland and Super D. Tiedeman and O'Hara
A. Parsons and Williamson
A client says she has always stayed home and raised her children. Now the children are grown and she is seeking employment. She is best described: A. a displaced homemaker B. as a victim of underemployment C. by conducting a job analysis D. as a victim of the hidden job market
A. a displaced homemaker
Holland believed that: A. a given occupation will tend to attract persons with similar personalities B. a given occupation will tend to attract persons with a very wide range of personality attributes C. one's personality is, for the most part unrelated to ones occupational choice D. b and c
A. a given occupation will tend to attract persons with similar personalities
Most research in the area of career development and its relationship to students indicates that: A. a very high proportion of students in high school and at the jr high or middle school level wanted guidance in planning a career. career interests are more stable after college B. students did not want career guidance despite its importance C. many students were too inflexible to benefit from career guidance D. high school students wanted career guidance by jr high school or middle school level students did not.
A. a very high proportion of students in high school and at the jr high or middle school level wanted guidance in planning a career. career interests are more stable after college
Counselors who support John Holland's approach believe that: A. an appropriate job allows one to express his or her personality B. stereotypes cannot be considered relevant C. four major personality categories exist D. sublimation is the major factor in job selection
A. an appropriate job allows one to express his or her personality
The DOT was first published by the US Department of Labor in 1938. The first three digits in a DOT code referred to: A. an occupational group B. career options C. OOH data D. the transfer of skills
A. an occupational group
Edwin Bordin felt that difficulties related to job choice: A. are indicative of neurotic symptoms B. are indicative of inappropriate reinforcers in the environment C. are related to a lack of present moment awareness D. are the result of irrational cognitions
A. are indicative of neurotic symptoms
The systems of interactive guidance and information (SIGI) and Choices are: A. computer-assisted career guidance systems (CACG) B. paper and pencil career tests C. career theories proposed in the 1940's D. computer systems which are slower to use than traditional texts as the DOT or the OOH
A. computer-assisted career guidance systems (CACG)
Supers life-span theory emphasizes __________ life stages: A. five B. four C. three D. nine
A. five
a client who says "I feel I cannot really become an administrator in our agency because I am a woman" is showing an example of: A. gender bias B. counselor bias C. the trait-and-factor theory D. developmental theory and career choice
A. gender bias
The trait-and-factor approach fails to take _______ into account: A. individual change throughout the life span B. relevant psychometric data C. personality D. job requirements
A. individual change throughout the life span
Holland's psychological needs career personality theory would say that a research chemist is primarily the _______ type. A. investigative B. social C. enterprising D. artistic
A. investigative
Midlife career change: A. is not that unusual B. is often discussed, but in reality is very rare C. would be extremely rare after the death of a spouse D. would be extremely rare after all the children leave the home
A. is not that unusual
The concept of job clubs as promoted by Adrian et al.: A. is very behavioristic B. is indicative of a client centered approach C. is psychodynamic D. is appropriate but not with disabled populations
A. is very behavioristic
Roe's theory relies on Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the sense that in terms of career choice: A. lower order needs take precedence of high-order needs B. self-actualization needs take precedence over lower-order needs C. all needs are given equal considerations D. the need for self-actualization would overpower a physical need
A. lower order needs take precedence of high-order needs
In the Dictionary of Occupational Titles each job was given a ________ digit code: A. nine B. eight C. six D.five
A. nine
A counselor doing multicultural career counseling should be aware: A. of his or her own ethnocentric biases B. that Asian Americans rarely choose scientific careers C. that African American males will often choose enterprising jobs in terms of Holland typology D. that career inventories have eliminated cultural biases
A. of his or her own ethnocentric biases
Statistics reveal that: A. on average, a worker with a bachelors degree earns over $10,000 a year more than a worker with a high school diploma B. fewer workers possess a high school diploma than ever before C. blue-collar jobs are growing faster than white-collar jobs D. older workers are slower than younger workers and have fewer skills
A. on average, a worker with a bachelors degree earns over $10,000 a year more than a worker with a high school diploma
All of the following are examples of Anne Roe's levels except: A. outdoor B. semiskilled C. semiprofessional/small business D. professional and managerial
A. outdoor
A fairly recent model to explain career development is the decision approach. The Gelatt Decision Model created by Harry Gelatt refers to information as "the fuel of the decision." The Gelatt Model asserts that information can be organized into three systems: A. predictive, value, and decision B. internal, external, and in-between C. predictive, external, and internal D. internal and external
A. predictive, value, and decision
At a case staffing, one career counselor says to another, "The clients disability suggest she can only physically handle sedentary work." This technically implies: A. the client will not need to lift over 10 pounds B. the client will not need to lift over 100 pounds C. the client will be standing a lot D. the client could walk to stand up to size hours daily
A. the client will not need to lift over 10 pounds
Super's life-span life-stage theory includes: A. the life career rainbow B. the life career stars C. the life career moon D. the life career psychosis
A. the life career rainbow
The in-basket technique would be best: A. when you are on a hiring committee and assessing candidates for a managerial position B. when you are counseling an elementary school child in regard to future job choices and careers C. when you are counseling a senior in high school who is unsure whether to go to college D. when you are counseling a senior in college who is contemplating graduate school
A. when you are on a hiring committee and assessing candidates for a managerial position
John Krumboltz postulated a social learning approach to career choice. This model is based mainly on the work of: A. Joseph Wolpe B. Albert Bandura C. Donald Super D. Karen Homey
B. Albert Bandura
As you walk into a professional seminar on career counseling you note that the instructor is drawing a hexagon on the blackboard. The instructor is most likely discussing: A. David Tiedeman B. John Holland C. Anne Roe D. John Crites
B. John Holland
When career counselors speak of the OOH they are referring to: A. Occupational Options Handbook B. Occupational Outlook Handbook C. Career Options Occupational Titles D. Operational Occupations Handbook
B. Occupational Outlook Handbook
One major category of career theory is known as the trait-factor (also called the trait-and-factor) approach. It has also been dubbed the actuarial or matching approach. This approach: A. attempts to match conscious and unconscious work motives B. attempts to match the worker and the work environment (job factors). The approach thus makes the assumption that there is one best or single career for the person C. attempts to match career behavior with attitudes D. attempts to match cognition with the work load
B. attempts to match the worker and the work environment (job factors). The approach thus makes the assumption that there is one best or single career for the person
Linda Gottfredson's developmental theory of career focuses on: A. fields and levels B. circumscription and compromise C. the career rainbow D. on the concept of career maturity, mainly.
B. circumscription and compromise
Holland did indeed believe in career stereotypes. in other words the person psychological defines himself or herself via a given job. Thus a bookkeeper or a clerical worker would primarily fit into the __________ category: A. artistic B. conventional C. realistic D. social
B. conventional
A dual career family is one in which both partners have jobs to which they are committed on a somewhat continuous basis. Which statement is true of dual career families? A. surprisingly enough, dual career families have lower incomes than families in which only one partner works B. dual career families have higher incomes than the so called traditional family in which only one partner is working C. dual career families have incomes which are almost identical to families with one working partner D. surprisingly enough no research has been conducted on dual career families
B. dual career families have higher incomes than the so called traditional family in which only one partner is working
Initially, Ginzberg and his associates viewed career choice as irreversible and the result of compromises between wishes and realistic possibilities. This theory identified three stages of career development: A. informal, formal, and concrete B. fantasy (birth to 11), tentative (age 11-17). and realistic ( age 17-20s) C. sensorimotor, formal, and concrete D. oral, anal, and phallic
B. fantasy (birth to 11), tentative (age 11-17). and realistic ( age 17-20s)
Roe was the first career specialist to utilize a two-dimensional system of occupational classification utilizing: A. unconscious and preconscious B. fields and levels C. yin and tang D. transactional analysis nomenclature
B. fields and levels
In terms of genetics, Roe's theory would assert that: A. genetics play a very minor role in career choice B. genetics help to determine intelligence and education, and hence this influences ones career choice C. genetics are important while upbringing is not D. genetics are important while the unconscious is not
B. genetics help to determine intelligence and education, and hence this influences ones career choice
According to the concept of occupational sex segregation: A. most women hold high paying executive jobs B. most women hold low paying jobs with low status C. most women hold jobs which require college degree D. men still make considerably less than women
B. most women hold low paying jobs with low status
The Strong Interest Inventory (SCII) is based on John Hollands theory. The rest assumes that a person who is interested in a given subject will experience: A. satisfaction in a job with workers who have different interests B. satisfaction in a job with workers who have similar interests C. generalized anxiety if her or she is placed in a job where people have similar interests D. the best results if he or she finished the inventory in one hour or less
B. satisfaction in a job with workers who have similar interests
Holland mentioned six modal orientations: artistic, conventional, enterprising, investigative, realistic, and social. A middle school counselor is most likely: A. artistic B. social C. enterprising D. realistic
B. social
A client who becomes a professional football player because he unconsciously likes to hurt people would be utilizing __________ according to Brill;s theory of career choice: A. subliminal B. sublimation C. suppression D. introjection
B. sublimation
Another career theorist who drew upon psychoanalytic doctrines was A. A. Brill. Brill emphasized _______ as an ego-defense mechanism: A. subliminal B. sublimation C. repression D. rationalization
B. sublimation
You are working as a counselor for a major university: A student wants detailed statistics about the average wages in her state. The best resource would be: A. Richard Bolle's What Color is your Parachute B. the Bureau of Labor Statistics website C. any professional journal related to career counseling is inundated with articles of this nature D. Choices and the System of Interactive Guidance and Information known as the SIGI
B. the Bureau of Labor Statistics website
All of the following are difficulties with career testing except: A. Stereotyping B. the tests all take at least 3 hours to administer C. the counselor may rely too heavily on test results D. many tests are biased in favor of white middle class clients
B. the tests all take at least 3 hours to administer
A counselor with a master's degree who is working for minimum wage as a fast-food restaurant due to a lack of jobs in the field is a victim of: A. unemployment B. underemployment C. the phi phenomenon D. the risky shift phenomenon
B. underemployment
According to the concept of sex-wage or gender-wage discrimination: A. women make more than men for doing the same job B. women make less than men for doing the same job C. men and women make identical salaries thanks to legislation D. women who are seen as attractive still make 6% more than men for doing the same job
B. women make less than men for doing the same job
The National Vocational Guidance Association was founded in 1913. It was fused with other organizations in 1952 to become the: A. APA B. AACD C. APGA D. NASW
C. APGA
The decision-making theory, which refers to periods of anticipation and implementation/adjustment, was proposed by: A. John O. Crites B. John Holland C. David Tiedeman and Robert O'hara D. Donald Super
C. David Tiedeman and Robert O'hara
Developmental career theories view career choice as an ongoing or so-called longitudinal process rather than a single decision made at one point in time. The pioneer theorists in this area--- who were the first to forsake the matching models were: A. Super and Roe B. Hoppock and Holland C. Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma D. Brill and Bording
C. Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma
Today, the most popular approach to career choice reflects the work of: A. Anne Roe B. Donald Super C. John Holland D. Jane Loevinger
C. John Holland
The career anchor theory was espoused by: A. Roe B. Tiedman and Ohara C. Schein D. Super and Savickas
C. Schein
Holland's artistic type seems to value feelings over pure intellect or cognitive ability. Which of the following clients would not be best described via that artistic typology: A. a 72 year old part time, male, ballet instructor B. a 29 year old female fiction writer C. a 33 year old female drill press operator D. a 41 year old singer for a heavy metal rock band
C. a 33 year old female drill press operator
A displaced homemaker might have grown children or: A. be widowed and seeking employment B. be divorced and seeking employment C. a and b D. none of the above
C. a and b
According to the OOH, the highest paying profession would be: A. social worker B. counselor C. a psychiatrist D. an I/O psychologists
C. a psychiatrist
In the Gelatt Model the predictive system deals with: A. personal likes, dislikes, and preferences B. personal rules C. alternatives and the probability of outcomes D. the self-directed search
C. alternatives and the probability of outcomes
Anne Roe suggested a personality approach to career choice: A. based on cognitive behavioral therapy B. based on a model of strict operant conditioning C. based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need D. based on the work of Pavlov
C. based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need
A counselor advises a female to steer clear of police work as he feels this is a male occupation. This suggests: A. positive transference B. negative transference C. counselor bias based on gender bias D. sex-wage discrimination
C. counselor bias based on gender bias
Some exams will split hairs and distinguish a dual earner household from a dual career household or family. All the statements below are false except: A. Dual-earner families have a better chance for advancements than dual career families B. Dual earner families are more likely to have managerial or administrative jobs that dual career families C. dual career families earn more than dual earner families D. dual career families have less competition
C. dual career families earn more than dual earner families
In terms of leisure time and dual career families/couples: A. dual career families/couples have more leisure time B. dual career families/couples have the same amount of leisure time as families/couples with one wage earner C. dual career families/couples have less leisure time D. dual career families/couples have more weekend leisure time
C. dual career families/couples have less leisure time
Holland's theory would predict that the Vice President of the United States would be: A. artistic B. social C. enterprising D. realistic
C. enterprising
a 37 year old white male states during a counseling session that he is working as a clerk at Main Street Plumbing. This verbalization depicts the clients: A. career B. lifestyle C. job or position D. occupation
C. job or position
One trend is that women are moving into more careers that in the past were populated by males. Women workers are often impacted by the "glass ceiling phenomenon." Assuming that a counselor's behavior is influenced by the phenomenon, which statement would he most likely make when conducting a career counseling session with a female client who wants to advance to a higher position? A. your ability to advance in the corporate world is generally based on your mother attitude towards work B. actually women can advance quite rapidly in the corporate world, I support you 100% C. lets be rational: a woman can only advance to far D. in most cases a female will work in a position that is at the same level as her father.
C. lets be rational: a woman can only advance to far
In regard to an individual's behavioral style or so-called modal orientation, Holland believed that: A. every person has a pure or discrete orientation that fits perfectly into one of the six categories B. occupational measures like the Strong Vocational are for the most part useless C. most people are not pure personality types and thus can best be described by a distribution of types such as realistic, social, investigate (RSI) B. a and b
C. most people are not pure personality types and thus can best be described by a distribution of types such as realistic, social, investigate (RSI)
Studies indicate that: A. students receive ample vocational guidance B. most parents can provide appropriate vocational guidance C. students want more vocational guidance than they receive D. career days meet the vocational needs of most students
C. students want more vocational guidance than they receive
A counselor who favors a behavioristic mode of career counseling would most likely: A. analyze dreams related to jobs and/or occupations B. give the client a standardized career test C. suggest a site visit to a work setting D. a and b
C. suggest a site visit to a work setting
Some support for Roe's theory comes from: A. the BDI B. the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scare-Fourth Edition C. the Rorschach and the TAT D. the gestalt therapy movement
C. the Rorschach and the TAT
Which statement is not true of the trait and factor approach to career counseling? A. the approach attempts to match the persons traits with the requirements of a job B. the approach usually relies on psychometric information C. the approach is developmental and thus focuses on career maturity D. the approach is associated with the work of Parsons and Williamson
C. the approach is developmental and thus focuses on career maturity
A male client who hates his job is trying to desperately to be the perfect father, husband, and family man. This phenomenon is best described as: A. the recency effect B. the leniency/strictness bias C. the compensatory effect D. spillover
C. the compensatory effect
In 1909 a landmark book entitled Choosing a Vocation was released. The book was written by Frank Parsons. Parsons has been called: A. the father of lifestyle B. the father of modern counseling C. the father of vocational guidance D. the fourth force in counseling
C. the father of vocational guidance
The SDS (available online or in print) score will reveal: A. career aptitude B. the personality via projective measures C. the individuals three highest scores based on Hollands personality types D. spillover personality tendencies
C. the individuals three highest scores based on Hollands personality types
The most popular developmental career theorist is Donald Super. Super emphasizes: A. id impulses B. the Critical parent C. the self-concept D. ego-strength
C. the self-concept
Roe spoke of three basic parenting styles: overprotective, avoidant, or acceptant. The result is that the child: A. experiences neurosis or psychosis B. will eventually have a lot of jobs or a lack of employment C. will develop a personality which gravitates toward people or away from people D. will suffer from depression in the work setting or will be highly motivated to succeed
C. will develop a personality which gravitates toward people or away from people
Most research would suggest that a woman who has the same intelligence, skills, and potential as a man will often: A. make the same job choice as a man B. choose a supervisory position more often than a man C.have lower career aspirations than a man D. choose a career well above her ability level
C.have lower career aspirations than a man
Roe recognized the role of the unconscious mind in terms of career choice. Another theorist who emphasized the unconscious processes in this area of study was: A. Krumboltz B. Schein C. Super D. Bordin
D. Bordin
Holland relied on a personality theory of career choice. Hoppock's theory, based on the work of _______ is also considered a personality approach: A. Donald Super B. Robert Rosenthal C. David Wechsler D. Henry Murray
D. Henry Murray
Edmund Griffith Williamson's work (or the so called Minnesota viewpoint) purports to be scientific and didactic, utilizing test data from instruments such as the: A. Rorschach and the Thematic Apperception Test B. Binet and the Wechsler C. Best Depression Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory D. Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales
D. Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales
A counselor who is interested in trends in the job Market should consult the: A. State Department of Economic Regulation of the Department of Insurance, Financial Institutions, and Professional Regulations B. SOC C. SIC D. OOH
D. OOH
Which counselor would most likely say that we choose a job to meet our needs? A. Albert Ellis B. John Crites C. John Krumboltz D. Robert Happock
D. Robert Happock
The term reentry woman would best describe: A. a 32 year old female police officer promoted to sergeant B. a 22 year old female teacher who becomes a school counselor C. a 59 year old female administrative assistant who switched positions for two years and will return to her job D. a 29 year old female who was babysitting in her home but is currently working at a fast food restaurant
D. a 29 year old female who was babysitting in her home but is currently working at a fast food restaurant
The model Krumboltz suggested is: A. a human capital theory B. an accident theory of career development C. a status attainment theory D. a behavioristic model of career development
D. a behavioristic model of career development
Ginzberg and his colleagues now believe in a development model of career choice which asserts that: A. the process of choosing a career does not end at age 20 or adulthood B. career choice decisions are really made throughout the life span C. career choice is reversible D. all of the above
D. all of the above
The Self-directed Search (SDS) is: A. based on the work of Holland and yields scores on his six types B. self administered C. self-scored and self-interpreted D. all of the above
D. all of the above
In terms of the labor market: A. music is very effective in increasing the workers output B. the number of employees that employers want to hire goes down as salary goes up C. the number of employees willing to work for an employer goes up as the salary increased D. b and c
D. b and c
The trait and factor or actuarial approach asserts that: A. job selection is a long term developmental process B. testing is an important part of the counseling process C. a counselor can match the correct person with the appropriate job D. b and c
D. b and c
In the dual-career family, partners seem to be more self-sufficient than in the traditional family. In a dual-career household, the woman: A. generally has children before entering the workforce B. rarely if ever has children C. is not self-reliant D. is typically secure in her career before she has children
D. is typically secure in her career before she has children
Gender issues impact career counseling such as career segregation. Men are overrepresented in _____ positions while women often have _______. A. nursing; physicians positions B. pink collar; executive positions C. CEO; positions as financial advisors D. labor and executive positions; pink collar jobs
D. labor and executive positions; pink collar jobs
The notion of the hidden job market would suggest that: A. most jobs will appear of college bulletin boards B. most jobs will appear in supermarket tabloids C. most jobs will appear in daily newspaper classified ads D. most jobs will not be advertised
D. most jobs will not be advertised
Most experts in the field of career counseling would classify Roe, Brill, and Holland as ____________ theorists: A. behavior modification B. ego psychologists C. experiential D. personality
D. personality
The most effective method adults use to find jobs in the US is: A. to see a state employment counselor for job leads B. to visit a private practice career counselor for job leads C. surfing the Web to find job leads D. securing information via ads in the newspaper
D. securing information via ads in the newspaper
Lifestyle and career development have been emphasized: A. only since the late 1950s B. only since the late 1960s C. only since non directive counseling became popular D. since the beginning of counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concerns
D. since the beginning of counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concerns
Holland categorized _______ personality orientations which correspond to analogous work environments: A. two B. five C. three D. six
D. six
A client who likes her flower-arranging job begins doing flower arranging in her spare time on weekends and after work. This phenomenon is best described as: A. the contrast self B. sublimation C. the compensatory effect D. spillover
D. spillover
According to Anne Roe, who categorized occupations by fields and levels: A. the decision to pursue a career is purely a conscious decision B. using the Strong is the best method of explaining career choice C. early childhood experiences are irrelevant in terms of career choice D. the choice of a career helps to satisfy an individuals needs
D. the choice of a career helps to satisfy an individuals needs
When professional career counselors use the term leisure they technically mean: A. the client is having fun at work or away from work B. the client is relaxing at work or away from work C. the client is working at less that 100% capacity at work or away from work D. the time the client has away from work which is not being utilized for obligations
D. the time the client has away from work which is not being utilized for obligations
Occupational aptitude tests such as the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test Battery (ASVAB), and the O*NET Ability Profiler grew out of the: A. cognitive therapy movement B. humanistic psychology movement C. individual psychology movement D. trait and factor movement related to career counseling
D. trait and factor movement related to career counseling
All of the following are examples of Anne Roes fields except: A. service B. science C. arts and entertainment D. unskilled
D. unskilled
Self-efficacy theory is based on the work of: A. Anne Roe B. John Holland C. H. B. Gelatt D. Albert Bandura
D. Albert Bandura
Lifestyle includes: A. work B. leisure C. style of living D. all of the above
D. all of the above
A client who wishes to work on an assembly line would fit into Holland's _________ typology: A. artistic B. conventional C. social D. realistic
D. realistic
A career counselor who is helping a client design a resume: A. should downplay the value of the cover letter B. should emphasize that a lengthy resume is invariably more effective C. should emphasize the importance of listing height and weight data D. should emphasize the importance of a cover letter
D. should emphasize the importance of a cover letter