carp chap 18 #3 FULL

In three-coat work, the first application, called the scratch coat, is directly applied to the plaster base. It is cross-raked, or scratched, after having _______________(stiffened),

"taken up"

in two coat work, The brown coat of plaster is usually applied ____________________ within a few minutes.

(doubled- back)

Standard thickness for interior passage doors is __________ Interior residential doors have a standard height of 6′-8″. A 7′-0″ door is sometimes used for entrances or special interior installations.

1 3/8″,

A clear- ance of _________ at the top and _________ at the bottom is generally satisfactory

1/16″ , 5/8″

Should the thickness of plaster be reduced, the pos- sibility of checks and cracks is much greater. A ______thickness of plaster possesses almost twice the resistance to bending and breaking as a ________ thickness.

1/2″ , 3/8″

The minimum plaster thickness for all coats is ________ when applied to regular gypsum or insu- lating lath bases. A _________ thickness is usually required over brick, tile, or masonry.

1/2″ , 5/8″

The casing covers the shims and is attached to both the jamb and wall surface. It is usually installed with a reveal. This is a setback from the edge of the frame of about _____________. The setback allows room for hinges and striker plates, while improv- ing the appearance of the trim.

1/4″ or 3/8″

Flush doors - The face panels are also called skins. These are commonly made of _______ plywood. However, hard- board, plastic laminates, fiberglass, and metal are also used.

1/8″ ,

After the door is brought to the correct size, plane a bevel on the lock side to provide clearance for the edge when it swings open. This bevel should be about ______________ (approximately ________).

1/8″-2″ , 3 1/2°

Installing a Prehung Door - 7. Add more doubled shims in back of each jamb . On the hinge jamb, locate one pair of shims _______ up from the bottom and one _____ down from the top. Set a third pair halfway between these two. 8. Verify that the frame is still plumb.

11″ , 7″

Installing Casing - Each pair of nails should be spaced about ______ (O.C.). 12. If you did not use a nail gun that sets the nails below the surface, use a nail set to sink the nails below the surface,

16″

Ceramic and porcelain tile are available with a wide range of patterns and colors. They come in sizes from __________________________ and irregular shapes that fit together to form interesting patterns.

1″ × 1″ to 24″ × 24″

Interior door widths vary with the installa- tion. Widths of _______________________ are most com- monly used for interior doors.

2′-6″, 2′-8″, and 3′-0″

Most codes do not specify minimum sizes for interior doors, but common practice is ________ for bedroom doors, __________ for bathroom doors, and _________ for closets.

2′-8″ , 2′-6″ , 2′-0″

Clearances should be __________ on the lock side and ________on the hinge side,

3/32″ , 1/16″

When plas- ter is applied to metal lath, it should measure ________ in thickness from the backside of the lath.

3/4″

Carpenters often construct a jig or frame that is temporarily attached to the door opening. Grounds can then be quickly nailed in place along the straight edges of the jig. Instead of using two strips, some carpenters prefer to use a single piece of ______ exterior plywood ripped to the same width as the doorjamb, Such grounds, if carefully removed, can be reused on future jobs.

3/8″

Plaster grounds are usually wood strips as thick as the plaster base and plaster. For aver- age residential construction, this is ________ (for the plaster base) plus _____________ (for the plaster) for a total thickness of ________.

3/8″ , 1/2″ , 7/8″

Cutouts for glass inserts in flush doors should never be more than _________ of the face area. The open- ing should not be within _____ of the edge.

40%, 5″

Installing Casing - 10. Temporarily nail casing with finish nails. 11. When the fit is satisfactory, fully drive the nails and complete the nailing pattern. Use ____________nails along the jamb edge and drive ________ nails through the outer edge into the studs making up the rough opening.

4d or 6d , 8d

Minimum widths should be _____ so that there is ________ on each surface of the internal angle.

5″ , 2 1/2″

Installing a Prehung Door - 9. Nail through the shims into the studs. Generally, it is best to use two _________ nails staggered front to back. 10. If recommended by the manufacturer, install longer screws in the hinges.

8d

Installing a Prehung Door -5. Plumb the frame front-to-back in the opening. 6. Temporarily fasten the top and bottom of each side jamb with an _______ casing nail.

8d

To minimize cracking, expanded metal lath is often used in key positions over the plaster base. Strips _________wide are applied at an angle over the corners of doors and windows.

8″

Inside corners may be reinforced with a spe- cially formed metal lath or wire fabric some- times called

CorneriteTM,

Grades and manufacturing requirements for doors are listed in Industry Standards devel- oped by the

National Woodwork Manufacturing Association (NWMA) and the Fir and Hemlock Door Association (FHDA).

The core is a high-den- sity polyurethane foam that has a high _____________. Unlike steel-faced doors, the fiberglass door can be trimmed for a precision fit.

R-value

A flush door consists of a wood frame with thin, flat sheets of material applied to both faces. These doors are strong and durable. Flush doors account for

a high percentage of wood doors used in homes and commercial structures.

In two-coat work, the scratch coat and brown coat are applied at _____________________. The cross raking of the scratch coat is omitted.

almost the same time

In some plaster base systems that employ a special _________________, Cornerite is not recommended.

attachment clip

interior door frame. edges of all jambs may be _____________slightly so trim will snugly fit.

beveled

Installing Casing - 5. Make miter cuts. Use a miter box or a power miter saw to make accurate cut. 6. Align the head casing with the pencil marks for reveal and install it. 7. Mark the length of the side casings. Carefully place each piece against the jamb, aligned with the reveal setback. Mark the location of the miter joint at the top. 8. Make the miter cuts. 9. If the miters do not properly fit, trim them with a

block plane.

A prehung door unit consists of a door frame with the door already installed. The frame usually includes both sides of ___________. A lock is not installed, although machining for its installation has usually been completed. Quite often, the door is _________

casing , prefinished.

Grounds around some openings are removed after the plastering is complete. Those used at door openings must be carefully set (plumbed) and conform to the width of the doorjamb to ensure a good fit of the ______________. The width of stan- dard interior doorjambs is usually ____________

casing, 5 1/4″.

A plaster job should be constantly inspected for base coat thickness. Unless grounds and screeds are used on _______________________, it is extremely difficult to keep the thickness uni- form.

ceilings or large wall areas

There are four kinds of tiles, including the aforementioned ceramic, that are widely used in both residential and commercial buildings:

ceramic/porcelain, quarry, natural stone, glass

In the sand-float finish, special sand is mixed with gypsum or lime and cement. After the plaster is applied to the surface, it is smoothed with a float to produce various effects. The final finish depends on the floating method and the

coarse- ness of the sand.

A 7′-0″ door height is usually considered standard for

com- mercial buildings.

Installing Casing - 1. Mark the reveal. Some carpenters prefer to draw a light pencil line on the edge of the side and head jambs. Use a __________________with the blade extended to the reveal as a marking guide.

combination square

Some flush exterior doors have ____________________face panels. They are attached to a wooden frame and can be formed to reproduce various traditional and contemporary designs.

compression-molded fiberglass

The scratch coat is then allowed to set and partially dry. The second application, or brown coat, is then applied and leveled with the grounds and screeds. A long flat tool called a ___________ and a rod (straight- edge) are used. When the brown coat has set and is somewhat dry, it is time to apply the third or finish coat. This coat is about ____________ thick.

darby , 1/16″

Installing a Prehung Door - 3. Level the head jamb, shimming a side jamb as required. 4. Plumb the jambs side-to-side in the frame with a straightedge and level or a long carpenter's level. Make adjustments using ________________ shims between the frame and the stud.

doubled

Flush doors - The frame inside of the door is usually made of softwood that matches the color of the

face veneers.

Installation of the casing for plinth blocks is slightly different from that used with mitered corners. Usually, the head casing and plinths are installed________ The side casings are installed __________

first. , last.

grounds are used around doors, windows, and other openings. Sometimes, they are included at the bottom of walls along the

floor line,

Installing Casing - 2. Check the bottom end of each side casing to see that it is square on what will be the bottom end. This is necessary for a tight fit against the finished floor. 3. Install either the side casings or the head casing. Many carpenters prefer to do the _____________ first.

head casing

Gypsum plaster can be directly applied to most masonry surfaces. However, furring strips are usually installed on outside walls to prevent excessive

heat loss through the walls.

. If the door is to swing across heavy carpeting, increase the bottom clear- ance. Thresholds are generally used only under exterior doors. The threshold may be installed before or after the door

is hung.

Sometimes, a plastering machine is used instead of hand troweling. It not only saves a great deal of labor but also improves the quality of the plaster application. The lapsed time between mixing and application ______________. The machine also makes possible the control of the plaster coat's ________________

is short- ened , density.

Reinforcing the plaster base. Place metal lath around the __________ area of large openings, especially where large headers are used. Provide reinforcing under __________

jamb , flush beams.

A smooth finish is produced by applying a putty-like material consisting of __________________________________. It is troweled perfectly smooth, like concrete

lime and gypsum or cement

Outside corners where no wood trim will be applied are reinforced with

metal corner beads.

In some wall systems—espe- cially large commercial and institutional build- ings— ___________________serve as grounds.

metal edges and strips

When heat loss needs to be further reduced, blanket insulation can be installed. Some car- penters use rigid polystyrene panels. These are directly attached to the wall with adhesives. If furring strips are not used, the plastic foam can serve as a

plaster base.

gypsum plaster - furring strips on outside wall - how to attach - • Nailing into metal or wood_______ placed in the wall during construction, or Applying adhesive

plugs

gypsum plaster - furring strips on outside wall - these carry the plaster base materials and provide an air space. Strips are attached in one of the following ways: • Driving case-hardened nails into the mortar joints or using a

powder-actuated nailer

clearances around inte- rior doors. Some carpenters use a _________________ coin to check the clearance at the top and lock side.

quarter (25-cent)

Quarry— is typically _____________ and unglazed, and is used in high-traffic settings.

reddish-brown

Porcelain is generally more expensive than

regular ceramic title.

two coat application method is the one most frequently used over gyp- sum or insulating lath plaster bases in

residential construction.

The final, or finish, coat consists of two general types:

sand-float (textured) and putty (smooth).

There are two general types of doors: panel and flush. The panel door is also referred to as a stile and rail door. This type of construction is used in

sash, louver, storm, screen, and combina- tion doors.

Lightly tack or staple metal lath strips into place so they become a part of the plaster base only. If nailed ______________ to the framing, warping, shrink- ing, and twisting of the frame will be transmitted into the plaster and cause cracks.

securely

Quarry—This tile is made from

shale and natural clays,

Installing Casing - 4. Determine the length of the head casing, being sure to include the width of the

side casings.

After the bevel is cut and the fit of the door is checked, use a block plane to _______________ corners on all edges of the door. Smooth with sandpaper.

soften (round)

The most common type of solid core door construction uses wood blocks bonded together with the end joints

staggered.

When applying cor- ner bead, use a

straightedge and level or plumb line.

Never attempt to cut down a door to fit a smaller opening. If a large amount of material is removed from its edges, the _________________ of the door may be disturbed. Warping may result and the door is weakened.

structural balance

when applying corner bead, use a spacer block to check the distance between the corner of the bead and the __________________________. This distance must be equal to the thickness of the plaster coats

surface of the plaster base

Quarry— Although reddish-brown is the most common color, it is also available in

tan, grey, and deeper brown.

Narrow doors require a greater bevel than wide doors since the arc of swing is smaller. The type of hinge and the position of the pins should be considered in determining

the exact bevel required.

Installing a Prehung Door - 1. Check the length of the head and side jamb against the rough opening to determine if the door is correct for the opening. 2. Place the unit into the opening. Let the side jambs rest on the finish flooring or on spacer blocks of the right thickness. Spacers are needed only if

the final flooring surface has not been laid.

Metal lath should also be used under and around wood beams that will be covered with plaster. Be sure to extend the edges of the rein- forcing well beyond

the structural element being covered

The difference between porcelain and regular ceramic tile is primarily in

the temperature to which it is fired in manufacturing. Firing porcelain at a higher temperature makes a denser, more water- resistant material.

Later, the grounds may become a nailing base for attach- ing

trim members.

Ceramic and porcelain— may be glazed,or left

unglazed

Trim, known also as door casing, is applied to each side of the door frame to cover the space between the jambs and the wall surface. This secures the frame to the ________________ and stiffens the jambs so they can carry the door.

wall structure

Flush doors with hollow cores are widely used for interior doors. They may also be used for exte- rior doors, if made with __________________. Hollow core flush doors do not ordinarily provide as much thermal (heat) and sound insulation as solid core doors. Usually their fire resistance rat- ing is lower, as well.

waterproof adhesives

Plaster is applied in two or three coats. The base coats are prepared by mixing gypsum with an aggregate, either at the gypsum plant or on the job. The aggregate may be

wood fibers, sand, per- lite, or vermiculite. Sand is the most commonly used aggregate.