CCNA 1.0 Fundamentals 1.1 Explain the role and function of network components

What are the two primary types of controllers used in Cisco networks?

Cisco DNA Center and Wireless LAN Controller (WLC).

What does DNA stand for?

DNA stands for Digital Network Architecture. DNA Center is a network management platform that provides centralized control and management of network devices, including switches, routers, and wireless access points. DNA Center uses software-defined networking (SDN) and automation to simplify network management, improve network performance, and enhance network security. Cisco DNA is a broader initiative that encompasses not just DNA Center, but also other Cisco technologies such as DNA Assurance, DNA Analytics, and DNA Services. Together, these technologies enable organizations to build and manage highly automated and secure networks.

What is the primary functions of PoE?

The primary function of _is to provide power to network devices such as wireless access points, IP phones, and security cameras. _devices can receive power from _-enabled switches, routers, or power injectors that are connected to the network. _power can also be managed and monitored by network administrators through the network management software.

What layer does a IPS operate?

They operate at the application layer of the OSI model and use various techniques, such as signature-based detection and behavioral analysis, to identify and prevent network intrusions.

What layer does a Next Generation Firewall operate?

They operate at the network layer of the OSI model and can inspect and filter traffic based on application type, content, and user identity.

What layer do routers operate at?

They operate at the network layer of the OSI model and use logical addressing (such as IP addresses) to determine the best path for packets to reach their destination. They analyze the destination IP address in the packet header and compare it to their routing table to determine the next hop on the path to the destination.

What layer do Access Points (APs) operate at?

operates at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) and the Physical Layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model.

What does SDN stand for

software-defined networking (SDN) is used to simplify network management, improve network performance, and enhance network security.

Explain the role and function of Routers

they that plays a fundamental role in connecting different networks together. The primary function of _ is to forward data packets between different computer networks.

What are the three main functions of a Layer 2 switches?

1. Forwarding Ethernet frames: _forward Ethernet frames between network devices based on their MAC addresses, using MAC address learning to populate a table with the MAC addresses of connected devices. 2. Improving network performance: By forwarding frames only to the appropriate port, they help to reduce network congestion and improve network performance. 3. Providing VLAN support: They can be used to create virtual LANs (VLANs), which allow network administrators to segment their network and improve security and performance.

What are the three main functions of a Layer 3 switches?

1. Forwarding IP packets: _can forward IP packets between different subnets or networks based on their destination IP address. 2. Performing IP routing: _ can perform IP routing between different subnets or networks using routing protocols like OSPF or BGP. 3. Supporting Quality of Service (QoS): _can prioritize certain types of traffic, such as voice or video, to ensure they are given priority over other types of traffic. Bottom line - have the ability to perform IP routing between different subnets or networks.

What are the four main functions of Cisco DNA Center?

1. Network automation: _provides tools for automating network configuration and management tasks, reducing the risk of human error and saving time. 2. Network visibility: _provides a single dashboard for monitoring network performance, identifying potential issues, and troubleshooting network problems. 3. Security management: _provides tools for managing network security, including threat detection and response, and policy enforcement. 4. Application management: _provides tools for managing network applications, including QoS and application visibility.

What are the four main functions of NGFWs?

1. Packet filtering: _filter network traffic based on various criteria, including IP address, port number, protocol type, and application type. 2. Application control: _can identify and control access to specific applications, such as social media or file-sharing applications, based on user identity or other criteria. 3. Intrusion detection and prevention: _can detect and prevent various types of network intrusions, such as denial-of-service attacks, by analyzing network traffic for signs of malicious activity. 4. Virtual Private Network (VPN) support: _can provide secure remote access to a network by supporting VPN connections.

What are the four main functions of router?

1. Packet forwarding: forwarding packets between different networks. They examine the destination IP address in the packet header and forward the packet to the next hop on the path to the destination. 2. Path determination: _determine the best path for data to travel between different networks by using routing protocols, such as OSPF or BGP, to exchange routing information with other routers. 3. Traffic filtering: _can filter traffic based on a variety of criteria, including source IP address, destination IP address, port number, and protocol type. This allows network administrators to control which traffic is allowed to pass through the router. 4. Network segmentation: _ can be used to divide a larger network into smaller subnets, each with its own unique IP address range. This helps to improve network performance and security by reducing the size of the broadcast domain.

What are the four main functions of IPS?

1. Signature-based detection: _can identify known threats by comparing network traffic to a database of known attack signatures. 2. Behavioral analysis: _can detect suspicious behavior by analyzing network traffic for unusual patterns or deviations from normal traffic. 3. Automatic threat prevention: _can automatically block network traffic associated with known or suspected threats. 4. Reporting and logging: _can provide detailed reports and logs of network activity, which can be used for forensic analysis or compliance purposes.

What are the five main functions of Access Points (APs)?

1. Wireless signal transmission: An _transmits wireless signals to enable wireless devices, such as laptops, smartphones, or tablets, to connect to a network. 2. Wireless signal reception: An _ receives wireless signals from wireless devices and forwards them to the network for processing. 3. Security: An _provides security for wireless transmissions by implementing authentication, encryption, and access control policies to ensure that only authorized users are able to connect to the network. 4. Roaming: _enable wireless devices to roam seamlessly between different APs within the same network, without interrupting their network connection. 5. Management: _ are managed by a central wireless controller, which enables network administrators to monitor and manage the performance, security, and configuration of the _ and the wireless network.

What does APs stand for

Access Points (APs) They are wireless networking devices that serve as a central connection point for wireless devices to access a wired network.

What are the two different standards PoE operates on?

IEEE 802.3af and IEEE 802.3at, which provide different levels of power output. IEEE 802.3af provides up to 15.4 watts of power per port, while IEEE 802.3at, also known as _+, provides up to 30 watts of power per port. PoE+ is typically used for high-power devices such as pan-tilt-zoom cameras or video conferencing systems.

What does IPS stand for?

Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS)- are important security devices that play a critical role in protecting computer networks from a wide range of security threats.

What are the four main functions of Wireless LAN Controller (WLC)?

It's a network device that manages and controls wireless access points in a wireless network. Some of the key functions of _include: 1. Access point management _include provides centralized management and control of wireless access points, including configuration, firmware upgrades, and monitoring. 2. Wireless client management: _provides tools for managing and troubleshooting wireless clients, including authentication, policy enforcement, and troubleshooting. 3. Wireless network security: _include provides tools for managing wireless network security, including encryption, authentication, and intrusion prevention. 4. Roaming: _include enables seamless roaming of wireless clients between different wireless access points, without interruption of network connectivity.

What does NGFWs stand for?

Next-Generation Firewalls - are advanced firewalls that combine traditional firewall technology with advanced capabilities, such as deep packet inspection, application-level filtering, and user-based policies.

What layer does Servers operate on

Overall, the layer at which a _operates depends on the type of service it is providing and the protocols it is using to communicate with clients. For example, file _and database _primarily operate at the application layer (Layer 7) of the OSI model, where they provide services such as file sharing and database access to clients. Web _primarily operate at the application layer as well, but they also operate at the transport layer (Layer 4) to provide reliable data transmission using the TCP protocol. Email _operate at the application layer as well, using protocols such as SMTP, POP3, and IMAP to send and receive email messages.

What does WLC stand for?

Wireless LAN Controller

Explain the role and function of Next-generation firewalls and IPS

_ and _ are important security devices that play a critical role in protecting computer networks from a wide range of security threats. _ are advanced firewalls that combine traditional firewall technology with advanced capabilities, such as deep packet inspection, application-level filtering, and user-based policies. They operate at the network layer of the OSI model and can inspect and filter traffic based on application type, content, and user identity.

Explain the role and function of Layer 2 Switches

_ are responsible for forwarding Ethernet frames between network devices based on their MAC addresses. They use a technique called MAC address learning to populate a table with the MAC addresses of devices connected to each of their ports. When a device sends a frame to another device on the same network segment, the _ forwards the frame only to the port where the destination MAC address is located, reducing unnecessary network traffic.

Explain the role and function of Access points (APs)

_ are wireless networking devices that serve as a central connection point for wireless devices to access a wired network. _ are a critical component of wireless network infrastructure and play an important role in extending network connectivity beyond the physical boundaries of a wired network. The primary function of an _ is to provide wireless connectivity to devices that are within range of its radio signals. _ operates at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) and the Physical Layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model and performs the following functions:

Explain the role and function of PoE

_ is a technology that enables network devices to receive power and data over the same Ethernet cable. _eliminates the need for separate power cables and power outlets, making it easier to install and manage network devices, especially in remote or hard-to-reach locations. _can provide backup power to network devices during power outages or can power devices that are located in areas with limited access to power outlets.

Explain the role and function of Layer 3 switches

_ operate at the Network layer of the OSI model and have all the features of Layer 2 switches, as well as the ability to perform IP routing between different subnets or networks. It uses routing protocols, such as OSPF or BGP, to exchange routing information with other devices and determine the best path for IP packets to reach their destination.

What layer does PoE operate on

_ operates at the physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model.

How does PoE work

_ technology is implemented using the Ethernet cable's spare pairs, which are not used for data transmission. The PoE-enabled switch or injector sends a low voltage, DC electrical current over the Ethernet cable to power the device at the other end.

Explain the role and function of Servers

_are computer systems that provide services and resources to client computers and devices on a network. The primary function of _is to share data, applications, and resources among multiple clients on the network. Some common examples of servers are file _, email _, web _, database _, and application _. _typically have more processing power, storage capacity, and memory than client devices. They are designed to provide high levels of reliability, availability, and scalability to support the needs of multiple clients. _can also be configured with additional security features, such as firewalls, intrusion detection, and antivirus software, to protect the network and its data.

Explain the role and function of Controllers (Cisco DNA Center and WLC)

_are network devices that are used to manage and control other network devices, such as Access Points (APs) and wireless clients. Controllers are essential for managing large and complex networks, and they provide a centralized point of control for network configuration, management, and security. There are two primary types of controllers used in Cisco networks: _ and _.

What layer do Layer 2 switches operate at?

_operate at the Data Link layer of the OSI model and are responsible for forwarding Ethernet frames between network devices based on their MAC addresses.

What layer do Layer 3 switches operate at?

_operate at the Network layer of the OSI model and have all the features of _, as well as the ability to perform IP routing between different subnets or networks. Layer 3 switches use routing protocols, such as OSPF or BGP, to exchange routing information with other devices and determine the best path for IP packets to reach their destination.

What layer does a Endpoints operate?

_operate at the upper layers of the OSI model, primarily at the application layer (Layer 7) and the transport layer (Layer 4). At the application layer, _use various protocols such as HTTP, FTP, and SMTP to access web pages, transfer files, and send email messages. At the transport layer, _use protocols such as TCP and UDP to provide reliable data transmission and communication between devices. _may also operate at the network layer (Layer 3) to manage IP addressing and routing. For example, an _such as a router may operate at the network layer to forward packets between different networks.

What layer does WLC operate on

_operates at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) and Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. _provides centralized management and control of wireless access points, including configuration, firmware upgrades, and monitoring. _uses protocols such as CAPWAP, LWAPP, and SNMP to manage wireless access points and wireless clients.

What layer does DNA operate on

_operates at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. It provides centralized control and management of network devices, including switches, routers, and wireless access points. _uses protocols such as SNMP, NETCONF, and REST APIs to manage network devices.

Explain the role and function of Endpoints

are network devices that connect to a network to access resources and services. They are typically end-user devices such as desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, printers, and IP phones. Endpoints play a critical role in the network because they are the source and destination of all network traffic. The primary function of endpoints is to access and utilize network resources and services, such as files, applications, email, and web browsing. Endpoints communicate with other network devices, such as switches, routers, and servers, to access these resources.