CD 442 Quiz 3 & Quiz 4
What are the two muscles responsible for pitch change? (Tensor)
(CT) cricothyroid: external tensor; primary tensor (TA) thyroarytenoid: internal tensor; also a relaxer
Which of the following statement is true for the muscles of VP (velopharyngeal) closure?
-
An average Fo for a male might be _____Hz; and an average Fo for a female might be ______Hz.
-120 for a male -200 for a female
The digastric muscle plays a role in which of the following?
-Elevation of the larynx
You are a speech-language pathologist. You obtained objective measures for a client and discovered that during a phonation task, his vocal pitch (fundamental frequency) was 45 Hz. What does this suggest that your client was doing during this task? DOUBLE CHECK-pretty sure its right
-He was using his glottal fry register Pulse: 30-50Hz: vocal fry, glottal fry, creaky voice
Which laryngeal muscles are required to initiate vocal fold vibration?
-Interarytenoid muscles -Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
Which of the following muscles forms the major bulk of the tongue (main muscle of the tongue)?
-The genioglossus
F1 is associated with ______ and F2 is associated with __________. (Select all that apply)
-The size of the pharyngeal cavity; The size of the oral cavity -tongue height; tongue advancement
When the cricothyroid muscle contracts: (3)
-The vocal folds are stretched -Pitch increases -The rate of vocal fold vibration increases
Pitch controller/tensor
-cricoarytenoid muscle -thyroarytenoid muscle
Name the 4 laryngeal elevators
-diagrastic muscle -mylohyoid muscle -geniohyoid muscle -stylohyoid muscle
What laryngeal muscles are responsible for lowering or raising the larynx?
-extrinsic muscles -elevators and depressors
vocal fold adductors
-interarytenoid muscles -lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (REQUIRED TO INITIATE VOCAL FOLD VIBRATION)
name the 4 laryngeal depressors
-sternohyoid muscle -omohyoid muscle -sternothyroid muscle -thyrohyoid muscle
when the cricothyroid muscle contracts, _____ (2)
-the rate of vocal fold vibration increases -the vocal folds are stretched
Which of the following statements is true of the vocal fold vibration? (3)
-to phonate, vocal folds must be closed initially for building up sufficient subglottal -the vocal folds do not rely on muscular force for each vibratory cycle -the elastic recoil force and the Bernoulli effect play important parts during VF vibration
What are the 3 main functions of the vocal folds?
1. open for breathing 2. close when swallowing 3. vibrating for phonation
An average Fo for a male might be _____ Hz; and an average Fo for a female might be ____ Hz.
120; 220 (A child's will be 300)
Which of the following words would a speaker with a cleft palate have the most difficulty producing? 1. you 2. map 3. owl 4. ice
2. Map
A minimum Ps of about _________cmH2o is needed to initiate vocal fold vibration.
3 to 5 cmH2O -in normal conversation, Ps is about 4 to 8 cmH2O
To phonate, a person generally needs minimally a pressure below the vocal folds that is ____ ____ than the pressure above the level of the vocal folds.
3cmH20; higher
To phonate, a person generally needs a pressure BELOW the vocal folds that is _______ _______ then the pressure ABOVE the level of the vocal folds in order to blow apart the vocal folds.
3cmH2O; Higher
Look at diagram: Which glottal configuration represents inhalation?
A
Quality
A perceptual characteristic of voice -combination of pitch and loudness characteristics
Match A B C D E F
A- diagastric muscle B- sterniohyoid muscle C- omohyoid muscle D- mylohyoid muscle E- geniohyoid muscle F- stylohyoid muscle
Match structure
A- geniohyoid muscle B- diagastric muscle
Match A B C D E
A- geniohyoid muscle B- diagastric muscle C- mylohyoid muscle D- stylohyoid muscle E- hyoid bone
Match
A- thyroarytenoid B- lateral cricoarytenoid C- transverse arytenoid D- oblique arytenoid E- posterior cricoarytenoid F- cricothyroid muscle
Match ABCD
A- thyromuscularis B- thyrovocalis muscle C- vocal ligament D- glottis
Match the name of the structure with the letter
A. Epiglottis B. Hyoid bone C. Corniculate cartilage D. Arytenoid cartilage E. Thyroid cartilage F. Cricoid cartilage G. Tracheal cartilage
Label the diagram below
A. Hyoid bone B. Vestibular fold C. Vestibule D. thyroid cartilage E. ventricle F. true vocal fold G. cricoid cartilage
Match with right letters
A. Muscular process B. Conus elastics C. corniculate cartilage D. vocal process of arytenoid E. Criocoid cartilage F. Vocal ligament
Match the name of the structure with the letters available
A. Vestibule B. Vebtricle C. Infraglottic cavity D. laryngeal inlet E. Ventricular fold F. True vocal fold
Match each labeled diagram:
A: epiglottis B: hyoid bone C: corniculate cartilage D: arytenoid cartilage E: thyroid cartilage F: cricoid cartilage G: tracheal cartilage
A primary role of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx is to ______.
Affect vibratory behavior of the VF
Which one is life breathing?
B
Look at diagram: Which glottal configuration represents whispering?
C
Which cranial nerve innervated the motor aspect of the laryngeal muscles?
CN X Vagus nerve
Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor innervation of the tongue muscles?
CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)
During modal register, the vocal folds are _________ whereas during glottal fry, the vocal folds are _____.
Closed and open; Thick and massive
Look at diagram: Which glottal configuration represents phonation?
D
T or F: The cause of vocal fold vibration cannot be a strictly aerodynamic event; muscular contraction must occur for every vibratory cycle
FALSE
Question 16: picture
False
T or F: Labeled muscle in diagram are called the accessory muscles of the larynx
False
T or F: Movement at the cricoarytenoid joint can increase pitch
False
T or F: The cuneiform cartilages are important for speech
False
T or F: The diagram below is a lateral view of the larynx
False
T or F: The formant pattern of F1 and F2 changes with one's voice quality.
False
T or F: The vibration of the ventricular folds provides the sound source for normal voice
False
T or F: The vocal ligament is located in the deepest layer of the vocal folds
False
T or F: during phonation, only the layer of the vocal ligament is vibrating
False
T or F: during whispering, the vocal folds are widely open
False
T or F: suprahyoids are roles of both larynx and mandible elevator
False
T or F: the laryngeal system is source of filter
False
T or F: the laryngeal system is the source of filter
False
T or F: this is an anterior view of the larynx
False
T or F: The angle of the thyoid prominence is about 90 degrees in men and 45 degrees in women
False -It's 90 degrees in men and 120 degrees in females.
T or F: Masseter muscle is the most powerful muscle of mastication, which is a primary muscle for speech production.
False -the intrinsic laryngeal muscles are the primary
T or F: The primary function for the intrinsic muscles of the tongue is to change the position of the tongue, whereas the extrinsic muscles of the tongue are responsible for fine movements of the tongue.
False -yes, intrinsic muscles do change position of the tongue -BUT the extrinsic muscles are responsible for protrusion and retracting the tongue
T or F: The cause of VF vibration can NOT strictly be aerodynamic event as the muscular contraction must occur for every vibratory cycle
False, it can be strictly aerodynamic, no need for muscle every cycle
T or F: the hyoid bone is not considered a part of the laryngeal system
False, its the only bone of the system
Which type of teeth are most important for speech production?
Incisors
Falsetto
Loft register -VF are stretched to the maximum
The subglottal pressure determines the _______ of voice.
Loudness
Which of the following statements is true for the movements of the mandible? 1. Rotators and grinding movements of the mandible are important for speech and swallowing. 2. Moving up and down is the primary movement of the mandible for speech. 3. Protrusion and retraction of the mandible are important for speech. 3. All of the above
Moving up and down is the primary movement of the mandible for speech.
Which of the following is the floor of the mouth?
Mylohyoid muscle
The ______ comprises the main muscle mass of the lips.
Orbicularis oris
______ is the perceptual correlate of frequency.
Pitch
The ______ is a VF abductor.
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
This is a(n) _____ view of the larynx.
Superior
_____ explains how the vocal folds are "sucked" together by a negative pressure during a cycle of vocal fold vibration.
The Bernoulli principle
Which of the following is TRUE? 1. The nasal cavity is not important for speech 2. The pharynx is not an articulator 3. The oral cavity is most variable and contains most of the articulators
The oral cavity is most variable and contains most of the articulators
Which of the following is not true for the nasalization gesture? 1. there is a velic opening 2. the palatopharyngeus is not required to contract 3. The velum must be raised to contact the pharyngeal wall 4. Air flows into the nasal cavity
The velum must be raised to contact the pharyngeal wall
Which of the articles is the most mobile and crucial for speech? 1. Teeth 2. Mandible 3. Lips 4. Tongue
Tongue
T or F When a speaker uses her loft register, she has placed a maximum stretch on her vocal folds
True
T or F: The spaces between the epiglottic cartilage and the root of the tongue are valleculae
True
T or F: the A muscle is located above (deeper) to the C muscle in the diagram
True
T or F: the hyoid bone is the only bony structure in the laryngeal system
True
T or F: when the thyroarytenoid muscle acts as a "relaxer", the distance between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages decreases
True
Modal
VF are closed to vibrate (normal voice)
Which of the following statements best describes how it is currently believed that vocal fold vibration occurs?
Vocal fold vibration is affected by muscular force, although the actual vibration itself is due to aerodynamic forces.
Which of the following describes what happens after the vocal folds are blown apart during the cycle?
Vocal folds are closed again by Bernoulli Recoil force kicks in to bring the vocal folds back together
Pulse
Vocal fry, glottal fry, creaky voice -VF are shortened, nearly immobile
The perceptual characteristic of voice, which combines pitch and loudness characteristics generally refers to ______.
Voice quality
In the phonatory system, when the vocal folds are vibrating, ______ sounds are produced.
Voiced
When the vocal folds are vibrating, ______ sounds are produced. 1. voiced 2. voiceless 3. speech
Voiced
Describe the shape of the glottis when vocal folds are in paramedian position
When the vocal folds are in paramedian position, the glottis is halfway open and halfway closed. This is also its rest state
a primary role of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx is to ______
affect vibratory behavior of the vocal folds
The vocal fold generally open____
bottom to top
The _______ is a complex membrane which covers the inside of the cricoid and thyroid cartilages anteriorly. The free border of this membrane makes up the vocal ligament.
conus elasticus
The _____ is a main vocal fold tensor
cricothyroid muscle
The digastric muscle plays a role in which of the following?
elevation of the larynx
The superior boundary of the larynx is the ____ and the inferior boundary of the larynx is ____
hyoid bone, first tracheal ring
An individual with a cleft palate is most likely to produce speech that is characterized by _______.
hypernasality (excessive nasal quality)
Which laryngeal muscles are required to initiate VF vibration? Choose all that apply
interarytenoid muscle and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
Which one is not true of the omohyoid muscle? its an intrinsic muscle of the larynx its a two bellied muscle its a laryngeal depressor
its an intrinsic muscle of the larynx
The function of the laryngeal joints is to ________
let the laryngeal cartilages move in ways that the joints permit AND affect the vocal quality
during falsetto, the vocal folds are _____ and during glottal fry, the vocal folds are ______
maximally stretched; thick and massive
What muscle forms the floor of the mouth?
mylohyoid muscle
The ____ part of the vocal folds is in the cartilaginous glottis
posterior
The ______ is a vocal fold abductor
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
_______ are the most inferior landmarks in the pharynx, located sides of the larynx
pyriform sinuses
The perceptual characteristics of voice, which combines pitch and loudness characteristics is_____-
quality
quiz 4
start
What group of laryngeal muscles play an important role during falsetto?
suprahyoid muscles
Which of the following statements is true during whispering?
the cartilaginous border of the glottis is open
The vocal ligament is composed of ________ of the vocal folds
the intermediate layer and the deep layers
Which cranial nerve innervates all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid muscle?
the recurrent laryngeal nerve of CN X Vagus nerve
The ______ is the main body of the vocal fold.
thyroarytenoid muscle
Where is the whole structure in the diagram located?
thyroid cartilage