CDA FINAL EXAM
____ was the standard created for fiber-optic systems.
100BASEFX
When routing tables adapt to network changes, the routing system is called ____.
ADAPTIVE
Simple parity can detect only an even number of erroneous bits per character.
FALSE
Subscriber loops usually transmit digital signals, which require amplifiers every few kilometers.
FALSE
The logical link control sublayer defines the layout or format of the data frame, simply called the frame.
FALSE
White noise is also called thermal noise or ____ noise.
GAUSSIAN
Cycles per second, or frequency, is represented by ____.
HERTZ
A(n) ____ connection is a nonphysical connection between sender and receiver that allows an exchange of commands and responses.
LOGICAL
The ____ sublayer is primarily responsible for logical addressing and providing error control and flow control information.
LOGICAL LINK CONTROL (LLC)
A technique that can be used to compress data when a ____ compression is necessary is the Lempel-Ziv technique.
LOSSLESS
____, which is an abbreviation for MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) Audio Layer-3, is a common form of audio compression.
MP3
When a network or a part of a network becomes so saturated with data packets that packet transfer is noticeably impeded, ____ occurs.
NETWORK CONGESTION
____ was founded in 1983 and was one of the first developers of network operating systems.
NOVELL
The ____ firewall is essentially a router that has been programmed to filter out certain IP addresses or TCP port numbers.
PACKET FILTER
Because DSL is an always-on connection, it uses a ____ circuit instead of a switched circuit.
PERMANENT
The ____ layer of the OSI model performs a series of miscellaneous functions necessary for presenting the data package properly to the sender or receiver.
PRESENTATION (LAYER 6)
A company can use IP for transmission of data within its own network, but use traditional telephone lines outside the company network. Many people are now beginning to call such systems ____.
PRIVATE VoIP
One encoding technique that converts analog data to a digital signal is ____.
PULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM)
____ shift keying incorporates four different phase angles, each of which represents 2 bits.
QUADRATURE PHASE
____ technique is also known as disk mirroring.
RAID-1
The SONET network topology is a ____.
RING
____ twisted pair wire is used in environments that have a noticeable amount of electromagnetic interference.
SHEILDED
____ transmission requires the use of a very thin fiber-optic cable and a very focused light source, such as a laser.
SINGLE-MODE
Under the terms of the ____ license, the software package may be installed on a single machine, and then only a single user at one time may be using that machine.
SINGLE-USER-SINGLE-STATION
____ is a flow control scheme that allows a station to transmit a number of data packets at one time before receiving some form of acknowledgment.
SLIDING WINDOW
Three types of synchronous time division multiplexing that are popular today are T-1 multiplexing,____ multiplexing, and SDH.
SONET
The most popular configuration for a local area network is the ____ topology.
STAR-WIRED BUS
____ division multiplexing is a good choice for connecting a number of lower-speed devices that do not transmit data on a continuous basis to a remote computer system.
STATISTICAL TIME
____ error control is a technique usually associated with the Stop-and-wait flow control protocol.
STOP-AND-WAIT
The opposite of asymmetric encryption is ____ encryption, in which one key is used to encrypt and decrypt.
SYMMETRIC
A(n) ____ connection is one in which the transfer speeds in both directions are equal.
SYMMETRIC
SONET defines a hierarchy of signaling levels, or data transmission rates, called ____.
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSPORT SIGNALS (STS)
The ______ protocol is a high-speed protocol commonly found on Apple laptops and incorporates two currently existing standards.
THUNDERBOLT
The TCP/IP ____ layer commonly uses the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to maintain an error-free end-to-end connection.
TRANSPORT
The ____ layer of the OSI model performs end-to-end connection control.
TRANSPORT (LAYER 4)
A worm is a form of computer virus.
TRUE
Switches can be used in combination with routers to further isolate traffic segments in a local area network.
TRUE
Switches can significantly decrease interconnection traffic and increase the throughput of the interconnected networks or segments.
TRUE
TCP performs error detection at the end points of the connection.
TRUE
Telephone systems were originally designed to transmit the human voice
TRUE
The NRZ-L encoding scheme is simple to generate and inexpensive to implement in hardware.
TRUE
The data link layer of the OSI model can incorporate some form of error detection software.
TRUE
The lowest layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite is the network access or physical layer.
TRUE
The major disadvantage of flooding is the large number of copied packets distributed throughout the network.
TRUE
Code division multiplexing can produce system capacities that are ____ times those of frequency division multiplexing systems.
8-10
The amplitude of a signal can be expressed as volts, ____, or watts.
AMPS
Unfortunately, noise itself occurs as a(n) ____ waveform, and this makes it challenging, if not extremely difficult, to separate noise from an analog waveform that represents data.
ANALOG
The data rate is measured in ____.
BITS PER SECOND (BPS)
The most popular contention-based protocol is ____.
CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS WITH COLLISON DETECTION (CSMA/CD)
A ____ application does not guarantee the delivery of any information or data.
CONECTIONLESS
When a signal is amplified by an amplifier, the signal gains in ____.
DECIBELS
The ____ digital encoding scheme is similar to the Manchester scheme in that there is always a transition in the middle of the interval.
DIFFERENTIAL MANCHESTER
____ spread spectrum spreads the transmission of a signal over a wide range of frequencies using mathematical values.
DIRECT SEQUENCE
____ technology is a unique form of multiplexing in that all the subchannels multiplexed together are intended for one user.
DISCRETE MULTITONE
____ is a technology that allows a high-speed data signal to traverse a standard copper-based telephone line.
DSL
The local loop commonly consists of either four or ____ wires.
EIGHT
ATM transfer rates are as fast as 311 Mbps.
FALSE
According to a famous communications theorem created by Nyquist, the sampling rate using pulse code modulation must be at least three times the highest frequency of the original analog waveform.
FALSE
An asynchronous connection is the most complex example of a data link protocol.
FALSE
Because USB provides a digital interface, it is necessary to convert the digital signals of the microcomputer to analog signals for transfer over a connection.
FALSE
CSMA/CD is the only network technology that successfully supports connection admission control and quality of service.
FALSE
IP is a connection-oriented protocol.
FALSE
IP is the protocol used by most networks and network applications to create an error-free, end-to-end network connection.
FALSE
If impulse noise interferes with a digital signal, often the original digital signal cannot be recognized and recovered.
FALSE
It is not possible to connect two local area networks so that they can share peripherals as well as software.
FALSE
NAK represents a positive acknowledgment.
FALSE
Neither USB nor FireWire support isochronous connections.
FALSE
When a user stores data in "the cloud", the data is stored on the user's premise in what is called a "cloud server".
FALSE
The network layer of the OSI model is an end-to-end layer.
FALSE (LAYER 4-TRANSPORT IS END TO END)
___ cable is a thin glass cable, a little thicker than a human hair, surrounded by a plastic coating.
FIBER-OPTIC
For a receiver to be able to fix an error—in a process called ____—redundant information must be present so that the receiver knows which bit or bits are in error and what their original values were.
FORWARD ERROR DETECTION
____ is a packet-switched network that was designed for transmitting data over fixed lines.
FRAME RELAY
____ is a packet-switched network that was designed for transmitting data over fixed lines.
FRAME RELAY
Each time a packet is copied, a counter associated with the packet increases by one. This counter is called the ____.
HOP COUNT
The Web server software accepts ____ requests from Web browsers connected to the Internet.
HTTP
____ is the result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one device to another.
JITTER
____ is an authentication protocol designed to work on client/server networks that use secret or symmetric cryptography.
KERBEROS
The ____ layer of the OSI model performs end-to-end error control and end-to-end flow control.
TRANSPORT (LAYER 4)
A wide area network's sub-network, or cloud, may be categorized by the way it transfers information from one end of the sub-network to the other.
TRUE
Circuit-switched networks were designed primarily for voice signals.
TRUE
Convergence has had a particularly noticeable impact on the telecommunications market.
TRUE
Data is information that has been translated into a form that is more conducive to storage, transmission, and calculation.
TRUE
Examples of real-time applications usually include streaming voice, video, and music.
TRUE
Fiber-optic cable cannot generate nor be disrupted by electromagnetic interference.
TRUE
HTML pages are simple, static text documents that browsers read, interpret, and display on the screen.
TRUE
If control simplicity is your primary goal, point-to-point connection of terminals is clearly superior to multipoint connections.
TRUE
In a network architecture, as the packet moves up through the layers, the data packet shrinks in size.
TRUE
MPLS on Internet routers and VPNs (virtual private networks) are gaining in popularity in the data network market.
TRUE
Most switches are transparent, which means they learn by themselves.
TRUE
Network architectures are cohesive layers of protocols defining a set of communication services
TRUE
Network operating systems are essential if the network is going to allow multiple users to share resources.
TRUE
Only two wires are required to complete a telephone circuit.
TRUE
Typically, frame relay is a replacement for the leased lines that connect a business to other businesses or connect multiple offices of the same business.
TRUE
Unix runs on the widest variety of hardware of any network operating system.
TRUE
Wireless transmissions generally do not have to deal with right-of-way issues.
TRUE
With the CSMA/CD protocol, only one workstation at a time can transmit.
TRUE
____ software works with the user to locate and remove applications that are no longer desired.
UNINSTALL
____ is capable of sending traffic that may experience bursts of data, but there are no promises as to when the data may be sent.
UNSPECIFIED BIT RATE (UBR)
____ division multiplexing is a good technique for transmitting multiple concurrent signals over a fiber-optic line.
WAVELENGTH
Digital subscriber line comes in a variety of formats. Often collectively referred to as ____.
xDSL
