Cell Cycle

G2

is the third and final subphase of Interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding Mitosis. It follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell's DNA is replicated. __ phase ends with the onset of prophase, the first phase of mitosis in which the cell's chromatin condenses into chromosomes.

Cytokinesis

Cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells.

Anaphase

Chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers.

Prophase

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Metaphase

Chromosomes align in center of cell.

Telophase

Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles.

Mitosis

Division of the nucleus

Interphase

Longest Part of the cell cycle, most important, uses G1, S and G2

Prometaphase

Nuclear envelope breaks down.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid (___) is a ubiquitous family of large biological molecules that performs multiple vital roles in the coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. Together with DNA, ___ comprises the nucleic acids, which, along with proteins, constitute the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life.

Interphase is important

The interphase stage is the most important part of the three parts of the cell cycle, the others being mitosis and cytokinesis. One reason why the interphase is most important is that it takes up ninety percent of the cell cycle, its parts are G1, DNA synthesis and G2, without interphase, no part of the cell cycle can be possible. Interphase is also important for mitosis and cytokinesis because in G1, the cell begins growth and development, where the cell grows in size and synthesizes proteins and messenger RNA, which conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes; this prepares the cell for the following steps towards mitosis. The S phase follows the G1 phase, in this phase DNA is synthesized; this is a precise and accurate DNA replication, which is necessary to prevent genetic abnormalities, errors in the cell, which often lead to cell death or disease. The G2 phase is the final phase in interphase which succeeds the full completion of the S phase, directly before the prophase of mitosis, during which, more DNA is replicated and chromosomes are inspected for any errors, this phase prepares the cell chromatin to condense into chromosomes. In mitosis, all the sub phases, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, are all the steps previous to cytokinesis, where the end product, to distinct daughter cells, are formed, however, mitosis is not the most important phase of the cell cycle because mitosis depends on the manner of completion of the interphase, which must complete G1, growth and development, S, DNA replication, and G2, chromosome inspection. Cytokinesis is the end phase of the cell cycle, in which the diploid daughter cells are formed, happening after the telophase of mitosis, however, cytokinesis too, is not the most important phase of the cell cycle because it is dependent on the completion of mitosis, which depends on the completion of the interphase. Without the interphase of the cell cycle, new cells would be more prone to death and disease; the cycle would not have synthesized messenger RNA, genetic information, proteins or duplicated chromosomes. With no interphase in the cell cycle, the cell cycle will effectively be only ten percent completed, with the daughter cell in an incomplete form, if the cell cycle is possible without the interphase, which it is not. The interphase of the cell cycle is the preparation for mitosis, which comes directly before cytokinesis, interphase is needed for the cell cycle.

Chromosomes

are the carriers of genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells.

G1

is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division. In this part of interphase, the cell grows in size and synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps leading to mitosis. __ phase ends when the cell moves into the S phase of interphase.

S

is the part of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Precise and accurate DNA replication is necessary to prevent genetic abnormalities which often lead to cell death or disease. Due to the importance, the regulatory pathways that govern this event in eukaryotes are highly conserved.

Interphase

is the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell spends the majority of its time and performs the majority of its purposes including preparation for cell division. In preparation for cell division, it increases its size and makes a copy of its DNA, which is made during the S phase. Interphase is also considered to be the 'living' phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients, grows, reads its DNA, and conducts other "normal" cell functions.The majority of eukaryotic cells spend most of their time in __________. __________ does not describe a cell that is merely resting but is rather an active preparation for cell division. A common misconception is that __________ is the first stage of mitosis. However, since mitosis is the division of the nucleus, prophase is actually the first stage.