Cell Organelles - Campbell

Plasmid

small loop of DNA found in prokaryotes - coding for a few genes

Vesicles

A small structure made of a lipid bilayer used to transport materials through the cell.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Assembles membrane lipids and detoxifies the cell of drugs; no ribosomes on this organelle.

Ribosome

Assembles proteins; free ribosomes make proteins that will stay in the cell. Attached ribosomes (attached to the ER) make proteins that will be transported out of the cell.

Organelles special in Plants

Chlorplasts, Cell Wall, and 1 large vacuole

Peroxisomes

Contain an enzyme that allows the breakdown of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) which is made by cell reactions and is toxic to the cell

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes necessary for breaking down materials within a cell

Nucleus

DNA is found in the nucleus, RNA is also made here; surrounded by a membrane; controls all cellc activites

Cell Membrane

Double layer of phospholipids (lipid bilayer) that surrounds the cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Eukaryotic Cells

Have a DNA inside of a Nucleus, more complex, have membrane-bound organelles. (PLANTS, ANIMALS, FUNGI, AND PROTISTA ALL EUKARYOTIC)

Cytoskeleton

Helps maintain cell shape. Its primary importance is in cell motility. It makes the cell move internally and externally. Made of microfilaments and microtubules. (protein strands)

Prokaryotic Cells

Lack Nuclei and membrane-bound organelles... they do have cell walls (like plants), cell membranes, ribosomes, DNA, and Cytoplasm (ALL Bacteria are prokaryotic)

Organelles special in Animals

Lysosomes and Centrioles

Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Bodies

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Cytoplasm

Part of the cell that is outside the nucleus; contains organelles and provides the perfect environment for chemical reactions to take place

Centriole

Play a role in mitosis (cell division), in animal cels only - Ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. Three microtubules in each group. These are part of the cytoskeleton. Inherited from your father.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Proteins are made on the endoplasmic reticulum's ribosomes. They are collected inside the endoplasmic reticulum and transported throughout the cell. Transports and modifies organelles, highway for cell.

Mitochondria

Provides energy to cell. Have a double membrane. The outside is smooth but the inner is highly folded to increase its surface area. Cellular respiration is performed here, making energy (ATP) for the cell. Has its own DNA and ribosomes.

Cilia

Slender cell extension that project outward from the cell - can be used for movement of the cell or to push materials past the cell.

Vacuoles

Store waste products, nutrients, and water. In plant cells it also store nutrients, and regulates turgor pressure in the cell.

Chromatin/Chromosomes

plant and animal cell: strands that contain the genetic material that tells the cell how to function.

Cell Wall

Thick outer layer in plant cells. Made of the carbohydrate cellulose. It maintains the shape of these cells and creates a protective barrier. Fluid collects in the plant cell's vacuole and pushes against it, creating turgor pressure. Also found in fungi, algae, and some bacteria.

Nucleolus

This produces ribosomes; found in the nucleus

Chloroplast

Use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. Found in plant cells and some protists. They reflect green light while absorbing all other colors. *contain DNA

Flagella

Whip-like appendage that extends from the bell body; used for movement or for sensing the environment

Nucleoid

large loop of DNA found in prokaryotes-coding for MOST genes

Pseudopod

means false feet, used by one-celled organisms for locomotion

Microfilament

part of the cytoskeleton - made of actin-used to move substances around the cell - framework of cell

Microtubule

part of the cytoskeleton - made of tubulin-used to move substances around the cell - framework of cell