cell0007 2 tutorial questions

The longest protein encoded by the human genome.

Titin

cell differentiation...3 statements

- Can be reversed through expression of pluripotency factors - Very difficult to reverse - Acquisition of the functional characteristics of a cell

statements about the vertebrate neural plate...2

- It forms a pseudostratified columnar epithelium - The folding lateral edges meet first at the boundary of the hindbrain and spinal cord

Which of the following are mesodermal tissues?...3

- bone - vasculature - muscle

Whic proteins can induce mesoderm in an isolated animal cap from Xenopus blastulae?

Activin Nodal FGF4

At the cellular blastoderm stage of Drosophila development, even-skipped is expressed in how many stripes?

7

Hans Driesch divided the 4-cell sea urchin embryo into 4 individual blastomeres and observed their development. What did he observe?

All four blastomeres formed small larvae.

Cap cells are constitute the stem cell niche of the ovary of Drosophila and secrete the signalling protein Dpp. What vertebrate proteins are most closely related to Dpp?

Bone Morphogenetic Protein

Which of the following phases of the cell cycle are modified in the cleavage divisions of Xenopus embryos?

G1-Phase S-Phase G2-Phase

Who first described the establishment of human embryonic stem cells?

James Thomson

In which of the following tissues would you find a pseudostratified epithelium?

Lining the respiratory tract

A localised determinant found in the Ascidian egg.

Macho-1

A transcription factor required for vertebrate muscle development.

MyoD1

Which of the following genes are associated with pluripotency of the inner cell mass?

OCT4 SOX2 KLF1

Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka (2006) produced Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by introducing 4 genes into into adult mouse fibroblasts. Which combination of genes did they use?

Oct4 Sox2 Myc Klf4

cell-type that forms the stem cell niche of the intestinal crypts of mammals

Paneth cell

A morphogen in the vertebrate nervous system

Sonic Hedgehog

What region of the mammalian blastocyst is responsible for implanting the embryo into the uterine wall?

Syncytiotrophoblast

This protein constitutes 90% of the protein in the Xenopus egg

Vitellogenin

Where would you find the proliferative stem cells of the epidermis?

basal layer

In sea urchin gastrulae, the vegetal plate buckles into the blastocoel to form the archenteron. What is the opening into the archenteron known as?

blastopore

The ability of a cell to respond to an inductive signal is known as?

competence

What is the overall name that we give to gene products that are transcribed from the mother's genome during oogenesis and stockpiled in the egg?

maternal

cell commitment that may be changed by moving cells to a new environment... term

specification