Cells: part II (Mastering Bio)

The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of _________

ATP

Which of the following is NOT a feature of both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Both possess pigments active in photosynthesis.

The nucleolus __________. A) organizes the spindle fibers for cell division B) contains the hereditary blueprint of the cell C) is rich in ribosomal RNA D) modifies substances made on the endoplasmic reticulum

C) is rich in ribosomal RNA

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

Gap junctions allow for the passage of material between cells, thus facilitating communication between these cells.

The cell junctions in plant cells that provide channels between adjacent cells are generally _____.

Plasmodesmata form channels between adjacent plant cells.

is used in all steps of protein synthesis and carries the genetic information of many viruses.

RNA

Which tissue would likely contain large amounts of anchoring junctions?

Stomach tissue is muscle tissue that initiates movement (churning of food) and expansion.

Which of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes?

The cell becomes crowded with undigested wastes.

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.

The primary role of desmosomes (anchoring junctions) is to bind cells together.

How are cell surface proteins exported out of the cell?

The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus.

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?

They are constructed of interrelated membranes.They are all physically connected to each other.They all perform similar roles in the cell.

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? The __________ functions in __________. a) lysosome ... recycling of damaged organelles b) chloroplast ... cellular respiration c) ribosome ... DNA replication d) vacuole ... lipid synthesis

a) lysosome ... recycling of damaged organelles

Which of the following is NOT an example of an organelle found within an animal cell? a) endoplasmic reticulum b) cell wall c) lysosomes d) nucleus

b) cell wall

Mitochondria are found in _____.

both plant cells and animal cells

Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the _____.

breakdown of fatty acids

Which is a typical function of lysosomes?

breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? a) synthesizing steroid hormones b) detoxifying drugs c) synthesizing receptor proteins d) storing calcium ions

c) synthesizing receptor proteins

__________ is the most prevalent glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix

collagen

The function of the chloroplast is to _____.

convert light energy to chemical energy

What are the inner folds of the mitochondria called?

cristae

What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?

cristae

Which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell?

digestive enzymes

Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts?

embedded in the thylakoid membrane

Which of the following components is external to the plasma membrane?

extracellular matrix

in that only chloroplasts, and not mitochondria, __________.

have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis

What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?

increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?

lysosome

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

metabolically active

The protein actin is a component of a(n) __________.

microfilament

When elongated, tube-shaped cells from the lining of the intestine are treated with a certain chemical, the cells sag and become rounded. The internal structures disrupted by this chemical are probably __________.

microtobules

Which of the following cytoplasmic structures functions in the transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus?

microtobules

The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

What is NOT a part of the endomembrane system?

mitochondria

The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the

nuclear envelope -these two membranes are continuous

Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is in the _____.

nucleus

The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the __________.

nucleus

In plants, __________ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as __________.

plasmodesmata ... gap junctions

Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell?

ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.

secrete a lot of material

Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?

several million

In muscle cells, the _____ is/are specialized for the storage and release of calcium.

smoothe er

Lysosomes are derived from __________ and function in __________.

the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ... digestion of worn-out organelles

Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?

the cyotosol -The first steps of sugar metabolism occur within the cytosol. Therefore, the ribosomes in the cytosol are responsible for making the necessary enzymes.

Membrane proteins are synthesized by ribosomes that are attached to __________.

the er

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?

tight junctions (prevents movement)

Which of the following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system?

transport vesicles

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? The _____ functions in _____.

vacuole ... storage

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

Chloroplast characteristics

-found only in plant and some algae cells -contains thylakoids -organelle of photosynthesis -converts solar energy to chemical energy -produces O2 as a waste product

mitochondrion characteristics

-organelle of cellular respiration -produced CO2 as a waste product -harvests chemical energy from food -found in both animal and plant cells