Cellular Respiration

Because plants can do photosynthesis, they are called _____.

producers

An important end product of cellular respiration is _____.

water

The electrons removed from glucose in cellular respiration end up in _____.

water

What is the name of the process in which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid?

fermentation

Which one of the following is considered the oldest mechanism to generate ATP? the citric acid cycle aerobic metabolism photosynthesis glycolysis

glycolysis

Glycolysis occurs in almost all organisms on Earth. From this we might conclude that___________.

glycolysis evolved very early in ancestors that are common to all the domains of life.

The main function of cellular respiration is __________.

making ATP to power cell activities

Which of the following statements is true about the way cells shuttle electrons from one molecule to another during cellular respiration? The loss of electrons is called reduction. NADH is suited to pick up electrons. Electrons are added to NAD+, which then carries the electrons to another electron acceptor. Water is oxidized during cell respiration.

Electrons are added to NAD+, which then carries the electrons to another electron acceptor.

Which of the following describes cellular respiration? Cellular respiration produces a small amount of ATP. Oxidation and reduction (redox) reactions are involved in cellular respiration. Carbon dioxide and water react to form glucose and O2. Cellular respiration only applies to animals.

Oxidation and reduction (redox) reactions are involved in cellular respiration.

Chemical reactions that require oxygen are called _____ while those that do not require oxygen are considered _____.

aerobic ... anaerobic

Where in a cell does glycolysis occur?

cytosol

Marathon runners use mostly slow-twitch muscle fibers, whereas sprinters use mostly fast-twitch fibers. Why do the two types of muscle fibers perform differently?

They use different processes for ATP

________ are poisoned by oxygen and must live under very low oxygen conditions.

anaerobes

Some members of which group of organisms thrive in anaerobic environments? plants nonhuman primates fish archea

archea

The chemical ingredients needed for photosynthesis are _____ and _____.

carbon dioxide water

Which of the following "escorts" acetic acid produced from pyruvic acid into the first reaction of the citric acid cycle? CoA citric acid carbon dioxide NADH

coa

A glucose molecule is completely broken down upon completion of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. However, these two processes yield only a few ATPs. Where is the rest of the energy that the cell can obtain from the glucose molecule?

in NADH and FADH2

which of the following is an autotroph magnolia tree yeast bee tick

magnolia tree

_____ is a chemical process that uses light energy from the sun to build organic molecules.

photosynthesis

The net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, in the absence of oxygen, is approximately __________.

2 ATPs

The electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules. Where are these molecules located in eukaryotic cells?

the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Most of the ATP production during cellular respiration occurs __________.

from activity of the ATP synthase machine

What is oxidized in cellular respiration?

glucose

Which of the following is oxidized during cellular respiration? glucose hydrogen water ATP

glucose

Aerobic metabolism always requires _____.

oxygen

what is reduced during cellular respiration?

oxygen