Ceramics SPG

various hard substances used for grinding

abrasives

two handled vessel that was used to store wine, oils, and grains in the mediterranean region

amphora

process of adding clay to the surface of a built form

applique

ceramic artist from NY who attended a school of design

arlene shechet

born in amsterdam, her ceramic work is considered to be biological in structure

babs haenan

disk of plaster, wood, or plastic used as a surface for throwing pots on a wheel

bat

this stage is best for applying glaze

bisque

first firing of a clay piece

bisque fire

clay that has been fired once

bisque ware

many clay types will turn this color in a sawdust firing

black

primitive firing technique where a smooth stone is used to rub the pot at the leather hard stage, it leaves the surface shiny

burnishing

soft, gray-green glaze that was favored by the chinese because it looks like jade

celadon

this glaze produces a soft gray-green color that was much favored by the ancient chinese

celadon

first potter to fire raku

chojiro

method of hand building uses snake like rolls of clay to form the walls of a form

coil

the construction method of this method would be the best way to make a large asymmetrical form

coil

if a potter wants a set of ceramic pieces to have unity, they can use this element of art

color

when a potter does this to the clay, they are pushing the clay down & together, forcing the particles together

compresses

clay is mostly formed from this

decayed rock

in a __________ kiln the heat and flames are drawn downward and out of the _____

downdraft, flue

if your pot isnt like this, it could blow up in the kiln

dry

name of the early egyptian glazes

egyptian paste

earliest glazes were developed by them

egyptians

if you only glaze a certain area of a pot you are using this

emphasis

colored clay/slip thats brushed onto leather hard pottery for decoration

engobes

tool that forces plastic clay through a die and can be used to make long & even coils

extruder

this type of knife is a long tapered knife used for cutting or trimming clay thats between plastic and leather hard

fettling

refers to the base or bottom of a pot

foot

this element of art is the most important in pottery

form

a sawdust kiln can be made with this type of trash can

galvanized

pueblo indians wee known for this type of surface designs

geometric

main purpose of silica is to give the glaze this appearance

glass

liquid suspension of minerals that melt in the kiln to produce a glass-like surface

glaze

usually the second firing of a clay object

glaze fire

second firing of a clay piece

glaze firing

refers to a shiny reflective surface

gloss

earliest pottery forms came from here

graveyards

this ancient civilization was best known for their painted human figures on black/red urns & amphora jars

greek

any unfired clay work

greenware

useful when making slabs

guide sticks

term used to describe any building technique where the potter uses only their hands & simple tools

hand building

describes clay/glazes that are fired within the temp range of cone 8 - cone 12

high fire

causes the differences that we see in the color of clay bodies

iron oxide

the country where raku was invented & pioneered

japan

this country's pottery style was influenced by the cult of tea ceremony and zen buddhism

japan

from toronto, her work in her series "viral", featured a piece called "haunting ceramic faces overgrown w vegetation"

jess riva cooper

if a sprig or applique falls off a pot as it dries it was probably because the pieces were not ________ correctly w score & slip

joined

they were a paleolithic hunter/gatherer society whose pottery often was decorated w cord impressed patterns

jomon

ceramic artist from Mexico, began a revival of traditional pottery in the 70's

juan quezada

japanese trimming tool formed from a steel strap

kanna

furnace for firing ceramic products

kiln

the shelves, posts, and slits in the klin

kiln furniture

used to coat the shelves in a kiln to prevent excess glaze from sticking a pot to the shelve during the glaze fire

kiln wash

stage at which clay is stiff but still moist

leather hard

sgrafitto is most concerned w this element of art

line

describes clay/glazes that are fired within the temp range of cone 015 - cone 02

low fire

describes clay/glazes that are fired within the temp range of cone 01 - cone 3

low-mid fire

alumina, silica, and water

main ingredients in a molecule of clay

style of brightly decorated spanish pottery shipped to italy in the 9th century

majolica

20th century native american potter from NM who revived the lost art of "black on black: pottery

maria martinez

refers to a dull surface w little shine

matte

describe clay/glazes that are fired within the temp range of cone 4 - cone 7

mid fire

surface decoration technique where an impressed design is filled in with a different color clay slip

mishima

artwork thats made up of more than one medium or technique

mixed media

the first cultures or groups of people to make pottery

neolithic

takes this long for a kiln firing to heat up & cool down in an electric kiln

24 hours

cone _____ is hotter than cone ______

6 & 06

electric kilns utilize this in a firing process

oxidation

can be used to shape a clay object by gently hitting it

paddle

20th century american potter known for his monumental contemporary ceramic pieces

peter voulkus

primitive firing process

pit firing

white clay thats high fired & traditionally used for fine china & small figurines

porecelain

this technique would be the best way to apply glaze to the inside of a narrow necked bottle

pouring

time before spanish conquistadors arrived in america

pre-colombian

greek styles of pottery is characterized by a painted black background w figures made from exposed unpainted clay body

red figure

gas kilns utilize this in a firing process

reduction

ceramic artist from israel who had an interesting twist on dinnerware. some of her functional pieces had mouths & fingers of their own

ronit baranga

decorative technique where incisions are made through a layer of under glaze or engobes to create a design on a pot

sgraffito

a flaw in the glaze

shivering

was the major influence on the mingei folk arts movement

shoji hamada

quickest hand building method to make a tall straight sided cylinder

slab

flat pieces of clay that are cut into shapes for building

slabs

liquid stage of clay is useful for joining pieces together

slip

process of forming clay objects by pouring slip into plastic mold, allowing the artist to make many that are identical

slip casting

surface decoration technique creating a raised area on leather hard clay

slip trail

surface decoration technique that creates a raised area & only works on plastic/leather hard clay

slip trail

refers to the three dimensionality of a pot or sculpture, can be positive or negative

space

when a potter loads a kiln efficiently to allow for the best use of space

stacking

refers to commercial pigments used directly on the clay body or for coloring glazes

stain

throw clay onto bat. center, open, pull , and cut bottom

steps for wheel throwing

type of clay that is what most everyday dinner is made from

stoneware

an arizona state university professor whose ceramic work focuses on the teapot form & includes alterations after wheel throwing

susan beiner

if a pot is cut in half and has equal parts, you can say this balance can be seen in the piece

symmetrical

stamping into clay is an example of this element of art

texture

not an advantage of glazing your pottery

thickness

process of refining leather hard forms w cutting tools

trimming

process or refining a leather hard ceramic form w cutting tools

trimming

result of when clay or glazes dont reach their maturation point

under fired clay

kneading plastic clay with the heels of your hands to removes trapped air

wedging

when you use the potter's wheel to create a form

wheel throwing

funerary urns & ancestor worship were an important part of this civilization from pre-colombian, mexico

zapotec