CGCC Mortuary Sciences Compendium - Cremation & Cemeteries

Hydrogen chloride is produced in the cremation process when ___________ containing chlorine are cremated

plastics

Visual inspection of equipment and stack should be inspected __________ and ___________ when not in use

prior to every use, no less than every 30 days

which of the following is used to refer to cremated human remains after they are pulverized and cleaned, leaving primarily small bone fragments as small as particles of sand or smaller

processed cremated human remains

chlorinated plastic containers should be

refused

the amount of time the products of combustion should be held in the retort

retention time

if the operator encounters unforeseen emissions problems, he or she should

shut the machine down

a vertical passage for conduction products of combustion to the atmosphere

stack, chimney, flue

a surce that might bring radiation near embalmers or crematory operators. Sometimes called seed implantation.

brachytherapy

the release of cremated human remains into the wind

casting or scattering

a structure room or space in a mausoleum or other building containing niches or recesses used to hold cremated remains

columbarium

disposing of cremated remains in a manner or location that combines the cremated remains with the cremated remains of another individual

comingling

in those states with up to date laws on cremation, which of the following is strictly forbidden

communal cremation without written permission, animal co-cremation, waste or trash being cremated with deceased

a container used to hold the deceased which is constructed out of a type of cardboard which is made with a series of alternate folds and ridges

corrugated container

all remains of the cremated human body recovered after the completion of the cremation process including pulverization

cremated remains

an environmentally safe casket which is designed for encasing the dead human remains for the purpose of cremation

cremation casket

turbulence in the exhaust flow are caused by the presences of physical obstacles such as

curtain walls or drop arches

disposition of human remains by cremation without formal viewing visitation or funeral ceremony with the body present

direct cremation

a designated area for the retention of human remains while awaiting the cremation process

holding facility

Carbon monoxide is the result of

incomplete combustion

a crematory shall not accept a casket or cremation container from which there is evidence of

leakage

Cremation containers or caskets are classified as type ________ waste

0

visible emissions is rated on a scale from

0% to 100%

cremation containers or caskets are made up of ______% moisture

10

cremation containers or caskets are made up of ______% combustible solids

85

if the family has not claimed the cremated remains within ______ days after final notice has been given the funeral director may dispose of them in any legal manor

90

Ashes

Cremated remains

Engrave

Inscribe

Headstone

Marker

the mixing of gases in the cremator's exhaust flow

turbulence

to cremate bodies larger than 300 lbs the operator should

use modified operating procedures

family representatives present for the initiation of the cremation process

witness

____________ can produce thick white smoke that is difficult to control

zinc

notorious for producing thick white smoke which will set off pollution controls during the cremation process

zinc

Most products of combustion, smoke & odor, given off during the cremation process will be destroyed if subjected to temperatures between __________ and__________ for a period of 0.5 seconds to 1 second, if the stream is subjected to proper mixing

1,400* F to 1,800* F

in most states regardless of the age of the equipment there is a _______ second retention time requirement

1/2

human remains are made up of ________ % combustible solids

10

the first recorded pre planned cremation in the US took place in Charleston, South Carolina in

1783

Many adherents to the Roman Catholic faith are not aware of the Vatican's acceptance of cremation in

1963

a __________ is recommended to assist in loading casketed or containerized human remains into the cremation unit

2 1/2 inch diameter cardboard roller

if the authorizing agent agrees to take possession of the cremated remains and does not take possession within ___________ days after cremation or an agreed date, the crematory shall send written notice to the last known address and the authorizing agent to take possession of the remains

30

human remains are classified as type ______ waste

4

cremation containers or caskets are made up of ______% non-combustible solids

5

human remains are made up of ________% non-combustible solids

5

human remains are made up of ________% moisture

85

the quantity of heat required to rise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit while water is in liquid state

British Thermal Unit

The agency of the United States Government responsible for their protection of air and environmental quality is referred to as

EPA

during the performance of any maintenance on the retort OSHA _________ procedures should be strictly followed to the letter or the rule

Lock-out, Tag-out

the three T's of proper pollution control are

Time, Temp, Turbulence

in the middle of the 17th century Sir Thomas Browne wrote the earliest known essay in defense of __________. It stressed the advantages of this form of burial

Urn Burial

term used when cremated remains are cast from a private plane

aerial scattering

that portion of the atmosphere supplied tot he cremation chamber for combustion, cooling and ventilation

air

an unfinished wood box or other non-metal receptacle or enclosure, without ornamentation or a fixed interior lining, which is designed for the encasement of human remains generally for the purpose of cremation

alternative container

most easily discernible by a crematory operator with regard to determining the sequence of cases for that day

amount of body fat and container type

the person or persons with the paramount right to authorize the cremation of a deceased human

authorizing agent

any refractory construction intended to change direction of flow or velocity of the products of combustion

baffle

any refractory device construction in manor intended to change the direction of flow or velocity of products of combustion

baffle

the area in the design of the retort connecting the main incinerating chamber tot he stack or chimney

breech or flue

a device for the introduction of the flame by the delivery or combining of a fuel and air mixture in the presence of heat, sometimes referred to as primary, secondary, or after

burner

in cremation the ___________ supplies heat to raise the temperature of the cremation chamber to the point where combustion of the human remains is possible

burner

combustion a.k.a.

burning

Grate hearth or combination thereof where the body is consumed by flame

burning area

a sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species

burning or combustion

the amount of waste incinerated per unit of time usually expressed in pounds per hour

burning rate

the amount of waste incinerated usually expressed in pounds per hour with the characteristics or type of waste stipulated

capacity

a heating process that reduces human remains to bone fragments by combustion and evaporation in the presences of an open flame

cremation

the attention reasonably expected from and ordinarily exercised by a person who seeks to satisfy a legal requirement or to discharge an obligation

due diligence

a solid surface upon which material with high moisture content or liquids or waste material for burning or drying are placed

hearth

once it has been started the cremation process is

irreversible

the modern day mausoleum is named in memory of __________ who died in 325 BC and the monument built at his memorial at Halicarnassus was included among the seen wonders of the world

mausolus

in those states that require them, the metal ID disc must follow the remains through the process from receiving to shipping and must be

placed in the retort on the right hand side near the charging door

a leak resistant zippered bag designed to contain a dead human body and body fluids and is used mainly for the removal of dead human remains from the place of death

pouch

Any air controlled with respect to quantity and location forced or induced supplied through or adjacent to the fuel bed in a crematory retort

primary air

to pound, crush, smash, or hammer into a powder or dust like consistency

pulverize

the removal of the cremated remains from the retort or working them into the soil of a garden or place specifically designatedforthatpurpose

raking

the term for the special brick that is used to line the firebox or primary chamber of the crematory retort

refractory brick

human remains that are not embalmed shall be held by the crematory in a ____________ holding facility

refridgerated

the crematory operator should ___________ any items for cremation that contain chlorinated plastics

refuse

zinc ornaments handles and trim should be ________ before loading into retort

removed

In most states with cremation laws, the _______ is responsible for the crematory complying with the laws, rules, and regulations of that state

responsible cremationist

any cremated or processed remains that do not fit in the temporary container or urn shall be

returned in a separate container

No crematory shall accept

unidentified caskets or cremation containers

all employees of the crematory who handle dead human remains shall practice

universal precautions

a receptacle into which processed cremated remains are placed

urn

with the exception of _________ and _________, most major religions readily accept cremation

Islam & Orthodox Judaism

any vertical refractory wall supported by arch construction which serves to deflect gasses in a downward direction

drop arch

the crematory operator should cremate the containers with the most combustible furnishes

first

Cremate the largest remains

first of the day

cremation is the process of reducing human remains to its basic elements in the form of bone fragments through the use of

flame, heat, & vaporization

Suspended ash particles charred paper dust soot or other partially incinerated matter carried in the products of combustion

fly ash

the three elements required for combustion to take place

heat, fuel, and oxygen

the act of placing cremated human remains in an urn

inurnment

Human remains awaiting cremation must

never be stacked or placed on the floor

a chest box building well or site made to serve as the final resting place for human skeletal remains

ossuary

regarded as a threat to the integrity of the cremation equipment as well as a threat to the safety and well being of the crematory operator

pacemakers

the reduction of identifiable bone fragments after the completion of the cremation by manual or mechanical means and reducing to granulated particles or dust

processing or pulverization

Historians generally agree that the idea of cremation most likely had its roots in the

stone age

a receptacle for cremated remains usually made of cardboard, plastic, or similar materials designed to hold the cremated remains until an urn or other permanent container is acquired or other disposition is made

temporary container

the ability of the operator to evaluate the materials to be cremated (casket , container, and human remains) is

the first step in controlling visible emissions

crematory operated by an entity other than the funeral home or funeral provider who contracted with the family of the deceased

third party crematory

in many states the permit states that the opacity shall not exceed _________% except for _______ seconds in any ________ minute period

20, 30, 60