CGDR Study Guide

There are a variety of strategies that result in a reduction of negative and challenging behaviors exhibited by children. List a few strategies that caregivers can use in the child care environment.

. Model appropriate behavior through books, role play, and conversations • Reinforce positive behaviors through genuine praise • Reduce the frustration in children's lives and help them feel more competent by providing developmentally appropriate activities and materials • Foster empathy among children by teaching them about feelings • Teach children prosocial behaviors • Help children recognize instances of accidental aggression and identify alternatives • Make it clear that aggression is unacceptable through clear expectations • Teach children alternatives to weapon play or aggressive play • responsibility for acting appropriately on their own, without a need for others to do it for them.

List the age and examples for each of Piaget's stages: Sensorimotor

0-2; Children learn through sensory perception and motor activity.

Match the developmental milestone to the appropriate age range according to the Approaches to Learning Domain: 1. Developing a natural interest in learning by interactions with the adults in their lives 2. Vocalize, smile, and coo at the sight of familiar faces Infants and Toddlers 3. Becoming excited about learning, making new friends, and engaging in new experiences

1. Developing a natural interest in learning by interactions with the adults in their lives: Preschoolers 2. Vocalize, smile, and coo at the sight of familiar faces: Infants and Toddlers 3. Becoming excited about learning, making new friends, and engaging in new experiences: Six

Match the developmental milestone to the appropriate age range according to the Physical Development Domain: 1. Large motor skills such as bike riding, leaping, balancing 2. Large motor skills such as jumping, hopping, running 3. Sitting with support 4. Developing eye-hand coordination

1. Large motor skills such as bike riding, leaping, balancing: School age 2. Large motor skills such as jumping, hopping, running: Four 3. Sitting with support: Birth to 8 months 4. Developing eye-hand coordination: 8-18

Name each stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and include an example for an individual as well as family.

1. Physical: Rest, food, employment, etc. 2. Comfort and Safety: Transportation, home, safe relationships 3. Social: Sense of belonging, parent-child relationship 4. Self-Esteem: Sense of competency for parents, ability to cope and problem solve 5. Self-Actualization: Personal emotional response, refinement of interpersonal skills

Match the developmental milestone to the appropriate age range according to the Social and Emotional Development Domain: 1. Show increasing responsibility in cleaning up and following rules 2. Enjoy more organized play activities, such as board games and card games 3. May begin to engage in parallel play, or play alongside peers without much interaction 4. Demonstrate a strong preference for parents and primary caregivers

1. Show increasing responsibility in cleaning up and following rules: Four 2. Enjoy more organized play activities, such as board games and card games: 7 3. May begin to engage in parallel play, or play alongside peers without much interaction: Toddlers 4. Demonstrate a strong preference for parents and primary caregivers: Infants

Name and give an example of each of the five basic principles of child growth and development.

1. Similar developmental sequence for all (i.e they develop in similar ways at similar times) 2. Development proceeds from General to Specific (Children gain specific abilities as they develop further) 3. Development is continuous (As children develop new skills, they become the basis for more new behaviors and skills) 4. Development proceeds at different rates (Each child is different and grows differently) 5. All areas of development are interrelated (The body has to grow and develop before new skills and behaviors can occur)

Match the developmental milestone to the appropriate age range according to the Cognitive Development and General Knowledge Domain: 1. They enjoy using flashlights, magnifying glasses, and rulers for investigations 2. Caregivers can often see their reaction as they begin to understand the effect they have on the object. 3. Can tell time using a digital clock, and are beginning to understand how to tell time using an analog clock 4. Pretend to read, sort objects, repeat rhymes and songs, and tell their ages and names

1. They enjoy using flashlights, magnifying glasses, and rulers for investigations: Four 2. Caregivers can often see their reaction as they begin to understand the effect they have on the object: Infant and Toddler 3. Can tell time using a digital clock, and are beginning to understand how to tell time using an analog clock: 7 4. Pretend to read, sort objects, repeat rhymes and songs, and tell their ages and names: 2-3

Match the developmental milestone to the appropriate age range according to the Language and Communication Domain: 1. Will respond when spoken to, tell lots of stories, and enjoys rhyming and singing 2. Show an increased understanding of grammar in their speech, will begin writing their own stories 3. Able to see at a distance of approximately eight to fifteen inches

1. Will respond when spoken to, tell lots of stories, and enjoys rhyming and singing: 36 months 2. Show an increased understanding of grammar in their speech, will begin writing their own stories: School age 3. Able to see at a distance of approximately eight to fifteen inches: Infant and Toddler

List the age and examples for each of Piaget's stages: Formal Operations

11 and older; the final stage of cognitive development, in which thinking becomes very abstract. Children think beyond the present and think about ideal situations.

List the age and examples for each of Piaget's stages: Preoperational

2-7; Children are bound by what they experience directly and not by what they think. Children begin to use symbols (one thing that represents another). For example, using sand to make a cake. Children are egocentric; their thinking centers on themselves. They can't see things from another point of view or from another perspective. For example, they do not realize that when they stand in front of the TV, no one else can see it.

List the age and examples for each of Piaget's stages: Concrete-Operational

7-11; Children become more rational in their thinking. For example, realizing that Santa Claus probably doesn't exist.

Define: Positive Reinforcement

A strategy in which desired behaviors are rewarded so that the child is encouraged to repeat them.

Define: Redirection

A strategy that is used to guide children's behavior by recognizing challenging behavior at its earliest stages and taking steps to stop it from escalating.

Define: Prevention

A strategy that stops challenging behaviors before they begin, and it is the primary method child care professionals use to encourage children to discard these behaviors.

There are three elements needed to create a developmentally appropriate program. List and describe them.

Active Learning: Children learn during the activity by doing. Meaningful experiences: Children have fun and memorable time during the activity to which they can relate on a developmental level. It relates to developmental level, cultural background and individual interest. Nurturing relationships: The child builds a positive relationship with his/her peers and his classmates during the activity. It is also okay for children to work by themselves.

DAP is often referred to as_____ and____ .

Ages and stages

Describe Vygotsky's learning strategy: Scaffolding

Children learn through problem-solving experiences shared with a knowledgeable adult or peer. Initially, the person interacting with the child assumes more responsibility for guiding the learning. As the child learns, the responsibility is gradually transferred to him/her.

List and describe the three elements that define DAPs.

DAP are Age Appropriate: Birth to 12 develop and learn activities, routines and strategies for need of age group. DAP are Individually Appropriate: Children don't develop at the same rate, so when child is falling behind or needs intervention--accommodations may be required. DAP are Socially and Culturally: Diverse classroom of cultures effect peers eg. Asians taught it's rude to look in eyes, etc.

Define: Physical Development

Development refers to increased physical growth and abilities

True or False: Children grow at perfectly steady rates.

False

True or False: Growth proceeds from the center of the body outward.

False

Write a brief description of the terms "growth" and "development."

Growth refers to specific body changes and increases in the child's size, such as a child's height, weight, head circumference, and body mass index. Development typically refers to an increase in complexity, a change from relatively simple to more complicated.

List ways that child care programs can be inclusive and support children with developmental disabilities

Incorporate programs with proper exercise and nutrition. High level of collaboration between families and caretakers.

List Erik Erikson's conflicts that relate to children aged birth to school-age, and give an example for each:

Infant: Trust vs. Mistrust (I am all right) Toddler: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (I can make choices) Pre-School: Initiative vs. Guilt (I can do and I can make) Grade School: Industry vs. Inferiority (I can do well and be successful)

Explain the attachment theories and quality infant care.

Infants need to feel secure, loved, and safe.

Describe how heredity influences child development.

It affects development by either helping or hindering it. It also affects temperament

Explain at least one implication of a development principle as it relates to children's learning.

Knowing the way in which a child develops is important in order to understand where they should be and how you can encourage growth in those areas.

Describe how health and wellness factors influence child development.

Nutrition and Physical activity all affect the development of a child

Define prosocial behavior and describe some ways you can encourage children to develop positive, prosocial behaviors in the child care environment.

Prosocial behavior in adults and children represents the most positive attributes of society. Acts of kindness-such as helping, sharing, sympathizing, cooperating, and comforting-benefit all persons, the givers and the receivers. Providing instruction in prosocial behavior within the child care environment creates a setting in which all learning is enhanced. As a child care professional you can increase children's kindesses to others by creating situations in which you model the behaviors and attitudes you expect of children. Look for instances of positive behaviors and acknowledge them. Actively teach children to think and act with social responsibility.

Describe Vygotsky's learning strategy: Reciprocal Teaching

Reciprocal teaching encourages a conversation between children and the adult. This conversation leads to children going beyond answering questions. It leads to the adult and children taking turns leading small group discussions. Reciprocal teaching is best understood as a dialogue between the child care professional and the child, in which participants take turns taking on the role of the teacher.

Why is it important to use the developmental domains in your lesson plans?

Some children stay on task for longer periods of times.

Define: Approaches to Learning

The Approaches to Learning Domain refers to how children approach learning experiences.

Define: Cognitive Development and General Knowledge

The Cognitive Development and General Knowledge Domain refers to the child's intellectual or mental abilities.

Define: Social and Emotional Development

The Social and Emotional Development Domain refers to how children feel about themselves and their relationships with others.

Define: Language and Communication

The domain that refers to the ability to communicate with others

Describe what is meant by the term "window of opportunity" as it relates to brain development.

These are certain periods of time when children are especially receptive to their surroundings and interactions with other people. They are tied to brain development and readiness for learning that will directly affect the achievement of developmental milestones.

Describe how developmental obstacles influence child development.

They can hinder it through illness or social unacceptance.

Why is it important to establish routines?

They can rely on consistency and it can help them to focus better.

Briefly summarize Maria Montessori's theory on child-centered learning environments.

Things are child sized, fun to look at, and orderly.

True or False: At birth, the brain, heart, and spinal cord are fully functioning.

True

True or False: Children differ in their growth.

True

True or False: The finger and toe muscles develop before the arm and leg muscles.

True

Explain how play is an important component of developmentally appropriate practice.

• Play contributes positively to child development. • Learning in the Physical Development, Cognitive Development and General Knowledge, Language and Communication, Approaches to Learning, and Social and Emotional Development Domains is supported by play. • Early learning relies on play experiences in which children have many opportunities to make their own choices and decisions, initiate interactions, assume responsibilities, care about the needs of others, and be challenged by tasks that prompt them to stretch. • Developmental progress does not occur during repetitive, mindless activities.