ch 1-3
Antiporters
Move more than one substance across the membrane in opposite directions
Identify structural features of cells common to most cells.
Organelles Plasma membrane Cytoplasm
Where are extracellular substances found? Multiple choice question. Inside of the cell Within the cisterns of the ER Outside of the cell Within the nuclear membrane
Outside of the cell
Select the inorganic substances found in the human body. Multiple select question. Oxygen Calcium Glucose Water
Oxygen Calcium Water
A triglyceride has three chains of Blank______. Multiple choice question. nucleic acids amino acids fatty acids
fatty acids
When electrons are equally shared between atoms a______ bond is formed whereas when electrons are not equally shared between atoms a _____ bond is formed.
nonpolar; polar
When placed into an isotonic solution, a cell will Blank______. Multiple choice question. not change in shape swell shrink
not change in shape
Endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the ______.
nuclear envelope
Selectively permeable means Blank______. Multiple choice question. all substances can pass through only some substances can pass through
only some substances can pass through
Multiple Choice Question An amphiphilic molecule composed of fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol molecule describes a Blank______. These molecules are the major component of the plasma membrane and other cellular membranes.
phospholipid
The outer boundary of cells; controls the entry and exit of substances
plasma membane
The ______ encloses and supports the cell contents. Multiple choice question. plasma membrane cytoplasm mitochondrial membrane nucleus
plasma membrane
The name of the structure that separates the inside of the cell from the environment is the Blank______. Multiple choice question. plasma membrane cytosol nucleus endoplasmic reticulum
plasma membrane
Glycogen is a Blank______. Multiple choice question. disaccharide monosaccharide polysaccharide
polysaccharide
Glycogen is a Blank______. Multiple choice question. polysaccharide monosaccharide disaccharide
polysaccharide
Glycogen is a ______. Multiple choice question. monosaccharide disaccharide polysaccharide
polysaccharide
Starch is an example of a
polysaccharide
What is the name of the universal energy-transfer molecule composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups?
Adenosine triphosphate
Soluble in water
carbohydrates
An important inorganic substance we exhale is Blank______. Multiple choice question. iron oxide carbon dioxide calcium oxygen
carbon dioxide
A complex of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of human cells is(are) called a(n
chromosome
Cylindrical structures that project off the cell that are capable of movement and contain microtubules are known as Blank______. Multiple choice question. microvilli cilia
cilia
Move materials over the surfaces of cells
cilia
Sucrose is composed of two monosaccharides. It is a
disaccharide
Sucrose is composed of two monosaccharides. It is a Blank______. Multiple choice question. disaccharide peptide glycoprotein polysaccharide
disaccharide
When two simple sugars are covalently linked together, a(n) ______ is formed
disaccharide
The plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
frontal
Which plane runs parallel to the long axis of the body, and divides the body into anterior and posterior portions? Transverse Sagittal Horizontal Frontal
frontal
vesicles that contain digestive enzymes
lysosomes
Sodium ions and a chloride ions combine to form sodium chloride molecules. The reactants are Blank______.
the sodium and chlorine ions
The process that is the synthesis of proteins based on the information in mRNA is known as
translation
Identify three of the many functions of proteins within the human body. Proteins ______.
transport substances within the blood function as receptors on cells' surfaces catalyze chemical reactions
Symporters
transport two different substances in the same direction
True or false: When ATP is broken down, the energy that is transferred from this reaction can be used to synthesize molecules, perform work or produce heat.
true
true or false: In addition to its other important properties, water has the capacity to absorb large amounts of heat.
true
Microtubules are hollow tubes primary made of protein units called Blank______. Multiple choice question. actin tubulin elastin myosin
tubulin
Intermolecular forces are weak electrostatic attractions that exist between _____. Multiple select question. two molecules ions and molecules two atoms two protons
two molecules ions and molecules
The movement of one specific ion or molecule across the membrane is called ______ transport.
uniport
Move a single substance across the membrane
uniporters
The measurement of a fluid's resistance to flow is referred to as its
viscosity
The pH scale is based on units of Blank______.
10
How many chains of fatty acids does a phospholipid molecule have? Multiple choice question. three five two
2
A monosaccharide will have about how many carbon atoms?
6
Decomposition
A chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products.
Which is the reverse of a synthesis reaction? Multiple choice question. A decomposition reaction An ionic reaction A redox reaction
A decomposition reaction
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Describe glycogen
A long chain of glucose molecules An energy storage molecule in animals Stored in the liver
plasma membrane
A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
What is a secretory vesicle? Multiple choice question. A small vesicle that moves substances through the cell to the cell surface An organelle that produces ATP in response to a chemical gradient A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein A structure used to separate sister chromatids during cell division
A small vesicle that moves substances through the cell to the cell surface
A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom that has a slightly _____charge and a region of another atom with a slightly_____ charge.
Blank 1: positive or positively Blank 2: negative or negatively
Identify the molecule that accounts for approximately 1/3 of the total lipids in the cell membrane and provides stability to the plasma membrane. Multiple choice question. Cholesterol Glycolipids Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Which term refers to a small organic molecule, usually derived from a vitamin, that is needed to make an enzyme catalytically active? Multiple choice question. Substrate Ligand Coenzyme Prosthetic group
Coenzyme
The material that stores a cell's genetic information is called
DNA
The amount of products relative to the amount of reactants remains constant.
EQUILIBRUM
active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Identify the passive transport mechanism that requires a carrier protein that exhibits specificity, saturation and competition.
Facilitated diffusion
Lysosomes form at the
Golgi apparatus
Secretory vesicles pinch off the
Golgi apparatus
Stacks of flattened membranes; modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids
Golgi apparatus
Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging newly synthesized proteins? Multiple choice question. Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomes Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
The organelle composed of several parallel cisternae that modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins and synthesizes lipids for secretion or internal use is called the
Golgi complex
What protein serves as a transport molecule in the blood for oxygen and carbon dioxide? Actin Antibodies Hemoglobin Enzymes
Hemoglobin
If one solution has a greater concentration of solute particles than the other it is
Hyperosmotic
Ionic compounds Blank______ in water, while covalent compounds Blank______.
Ionic compounds Blank______ in water, while covalent compounds Blank______.
Increase surface area of the plasma membrane for absorption of substances
Microvilli
Enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base? Multiple choice question. Adenine Thymine Ribose Guanine Cytosine
Ribose
The structures upon which protein synthesis directly takes place
Ribosome
Extensive membrane system upon which protein synthesis takes place
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Identify the roles of carbohydrates in the body. Multiple select question. Serves as an energy source Functions as chemical messengers Serves as enzymes Forms cell membrane structure
Serves as an energy source Forms cell membrane structure
______ is defined as the ability of one substance to dissolve in another substance resulting in a homogeneous solution.
Solubility
characteristic of transport protien: saturation
Substance C is transported by transport protein Y. As the levels of substance C increase, the rate of transport increases but then the rate levels off.
characteristic of transport protien:competition
Substances of similar shapes may bind to the same transport molecule.Transport protein Z will transport molecule G and molecule H that has a similar shape to molecule G.
A chemical reaction in which two or more smaller molecules combine to form a larger molecule is what type of reaction? Multiple choice question. Decomposition Exchange Reversible Synthesis
Synthesis
Choose the characteristic functions of cells.
Synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Passing on of genetic information Use of energy. Ability to produce and respond to chemical and/or electrical signals
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
You are a histologist studying muscle tissue biopsied from a student volunteers. One volunteer was an amateur athlete who actively engages in intramural sports for about 15 hours a week. The other volunteer was less athletic and spends only about an hour a week in athletic activities. Which of these volunteers would have the most mitochondria per muscle cell? Multiple choice question. The muscle cells in the less athletic student would have more mitochondria but they would be smaller. The muscle cells in the student that participates in regular exercise has an increased energy demand and an increased number of mitochondria.
The muscle cells in the student that participates in regular exercise has an increased energy demand and an increased number of mitochondria.
Identify the uses of energy when ATP is broken down. Multiple select question. Diffusion of substances The synthesis or breakdown of molecules Performing work such as opening a channel Production of heat
The synthesis or breakdown of molecules Performing work such as opening a channel Production of heat
With regard to cells that have a greater energy requirement, which of the following statements would be true? Multiple choice question. Higher energy requiring cells have more translation occurring. The cells would be larger than low energy demanding cells. Those cells would also have more mitochondria with more cristae. The cells would possess a larger number of lysosomes.
Those cells would also have more mitochondria with more cristae.
Identify the nitrogenous bases.
Thymine Adenine Cytosine Uracil Guanine
Which type of protein forms a passageway? Multiple choice question. Transport protein Attachment protein Marker protein
Transport protein
A chromosome is
a complex of DNA and protein
What is a centriole?
a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
The lower the pH, the more _____ the solution.
acidic
The energy required to initiate or begin a chemical reaction is called the Blank______ energy. Multiple choice question. beginning activation reaction
activation
The minimum energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called energy.
activation
attachment proteins
allow cells to attach to other cells or to extracellular molecules
Rank the following organizational levels of life from least inclusive (smallest) at the top to most inclusive (largest) at the bottom
atom,cell, tissues, organ, organ systems, organelle
Hydrophilic substances are ______ water.
attracted to
Nucleotides contain a phosphate, a sugar and a nitrogenous (organic)
base
The pH scale is best described as a scale Blank______. Multiple choice question. that measures the number of free hydroxide ions in a solution based on the units of 10 that represents hydrogen ion concentrations in a solution from 1-10 that is used to calculate the acidity of a solution that measures acidic and basic properties of a solution where a high number on the scale is more acidic
based on the units of 10 that represents hydrogen ion concentrations in a solution
A chemical reaction occurs when atoms or molecules interact to Blank______. Multiple select question. break chemical bonds form chemical bonds dissolve in another substance
break chemical bonds form chemical bonds
When ATP is doing work, its bonds are Blank______.
broken
Chemicals that prevent large changes in pH values when either acids or bases are added are called
buffers
Substances that resist changes in pH are known as .
buffers
Composed mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbohydrates
Macromolecules composed of carbon and a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen, including sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose are categorized as Blank______.
carbohydrates
Macromolecules composed of carbon and a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen, including sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose are categorized as Blank______. Multiple choice question. nucleic acids carbohydrates lipids proteins
carbohydrates
Heat increases the rate of a chemical reaction. Therefore heat is a Blank______. Multiple choice question. catalyst redox agent reactant protein
catalyst
An enzyme is a(n) Blank______. Multiple select question. catalyst substrate protein
catalyst protein
An enzyme is a________.
catalyst, protein
Synthesis
combination
Chemical signal molecules such as hormones, and nervous system cells best represent the cellular activity of
communication
The word "anatomy" means Blank______. Multiple choice question. to cut up to study function development
cut up
The study of the structure and function of individual cells is known as
cytology
The cellular material outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane that contains the organelles and cytosol is called
cytoplasm
Cations and ions are examples of Blank______. Multiple choice question. electrolytes nonelectrolytes
electrolytes
What is a reactant?
elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are both forms of _____.
endocytosis
The process in which the cell membrane forms a vesicle to draw substances into the cell is referred to as
endocytosis
The organelle that is an extensive system of cytoplasmic tubules or channels classified as rough or smooth depending on the presence or absence of ribosomes is
endoplasmic
Reactants are substances that Blank______. Multiple choice question. result from a chemical reaction enter a chemical reaction
enter a chemical reaction
A process in which a cytoplasmic vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents out of the cell is known as ______.
exocytosis
Substances found outside the cell plasma membrane in the environment are considered ______.
extracellular
The process of using a carrier to passively transport a substance through a membrane down its concentration gradient is known as _____ diffusion.
facilitated
Physiology is the study of the _____ of biological organisms and their parts.
function
reduction
gain of electrons
In a reduction reaction, an electron is Blank______. Multiple choice question. gained lost
gained
DNA is the organic molecule that stores the cell's______ information
genetic
Identify the building blocks of triglycerides.
glycerol and fatty acids
A weak attraction between a slightly positive region of one molecule and a slightly negative region of another molecule would be a(n) Blank______ bond. Multiple choice question. hydrogen ionic covalent
hydrogen
Attractions between water molecules are a result of Blank______. Multiple choice question. ionic bonds polar covalent bonds non-polar covalent bonds hydrogen bonds
hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds form between the partial positive charge on a(n) Blank______ atom of one water molecule and a partial negative charge on a(n) Blank______ atom of another water molecule.
hydrogen, oxygen
Sucrose (a disaccharide) can be broken down into two glucose molecules in a process that requires water. This would be an example of a(n) Blank______ reaction. Multiple choice question. anabolic hydrolysis dehydration
hydrolysis
Transport proteins are Blank______ proteins. Multiple choice question. peripheral integral
integral
If a cell is placed in a solution and it neither swells nor shrinks, the solution is
isontic
Flagella are Blank______ than cilia.
longer
Oxidation
loss of electrons
______ are large compounds that are composed of many smaller molecular subunits, most notably biochemicals.
macromolecules
Cells normally have _____ microvilli.
many
A structure composed of the protein tubulin which forms centrioles, cilia, flagella and part of the cytoskeleton is a(n) ______.
microtubule
Extensions of the plasma membrane that serve primarily to increase a cell's surface area are called Blank______. Multiple choice question. cilia flagella microvilli microtubules
microvilli
When two or more atoms are chemically bonded to one another, the resulting structure is called a(n) ______.
molecule
At temperature increases, reactants have Blank______ kinetic energy. Multiple choice question. less more
more
Cells with a greater energy need will have Blank______ mitochondria.
more
Diffusion, active transport and endocytosis are all mechanisms for
moving substances across the membrane
A solution with a pH of 7 is ________.
neutral
Nucleotides are the subunits of Blank______. Multiple choice question. carbohydrates proteins lipids nucleic acids
nucleic acids
Multiple Choice Question An organic molecule composed of a nitrogenous base, a monosaccharide, and a phosphate group that is the monomer of nucleic acids is called a(n) Blank______. Multiple choice question. nucleotide ribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid
nucleotide
The basic building block of nucleic acids are Blank______.
nucleotides
Largest organelle of the cell; contains DNA
nucleus
The most noticeable organelle visible in most cells is the ______.
nucleus
what is the organelle that contains DNA.
nucleus
Organelles called ______ contain catalase and are active in detoxification.
peroxisomes
Organs like the liver and kidney cells contain cells that are active in detoxification. These cells contain a large number of
peroxisomes
An amphiphilic molecule composed of fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol molecule describes a Blank______. These molecules are the major component of the plasma membrane and other cellular membranes.
phospholipid
The predominant lipid in the cell membrane is a
phospholipid
The type of endocytosis that engulfs water in small vesicles is called
pinocytosis
In a chemical equation, the substances that result from the reactions are referred to as Blank______. Multiple choice question. reactants substrates products
products
the barrel-like protein complexes found within the cytoplasm that break down and recycle other proteins within the cell are referred to as
proteasomes
A chromosome contains DNA and ______.
proteins
Proteasomes break down Blank______. Multiple choice question. bacteria carbohydrates proteins lipids
proteins
Ribosomes synthesize
proteins
Identify the two types of molecules that form the majority of the plasma membrane.
proteins, lipids
Always contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
protien
Amino acids are the subunits of larger molecules called
protiens
The level of protein structure associated with the relationships between subunits is the Blank______ level.
quaternary
The level of protein structure associated with the relationships between subunits is the Blank______ level. Multiple choice question. primary secondary tertiary quaternary
quaternary
Movement of cilia ______ energy.
requires
Buffers are chemicals that
resist pH change
An organism interacts with its environment to obtain energy and/or nutrients. This interaction is known as the organism's _____ to its environment.
response
The type of endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes, synthesizes steroids and other lipids, as well as detoxifying alcohol and other drugs is called __________endoplasmic reticulum
smooth
Sugar dissolves in water; therefore, sugar has ______.
solubility
In a solution, the Blank______ dissolves in the Blank______. Multiple choice question. solute; other solute solute; solvent colloid; solute
solute; solvent
A mixture in which substances are uniformly distributed is called a(n) .
solution
Multiple Choice Question The substance that dissolves another substance (forming a solution) is called a Blank______. Multiple choice question. solute solvent
solvent
Organelle
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
A lipid molecule, such as cholesterol, that consists of four interconnected carbon rings is a Blank______.
steriod
Cholesterol is an example of a______.
steroid
Acids or bases that completely dissociate in water are Blank______, while those that only partially dissociate in water are Blank______
strong, weak
The fluid portion of cytoplasm is called
cytosol
Catabolism is composed of ______ reactions.
decomposition
Exocytosis moves substances ___ a cell.
out of
Provides sites to which chemical messengers bind
Receptor proteins
Which of the following is most likely to decrease the rate of a chemical reaction? Choose all that apply. Multiple select question. Decrease concentration of reactants Decrease temperature Increase temperature Increase concentration of reactants
Decrease concentration of reactants Decrease temperature
Sucrose or table sugar is formed when the simple sugars fructose and glucose are covalently bonded. This reaction releases water. What type of reaction is this? Multiple choice question. Dehydration synthesis Catabolic Hydrolysis Monomeric
Dehydration synthesis
Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?
Electrons are shared unequally between two atoms.
identify the statement that best describes the difference between how covalent compounds and ionic compounds dissolve in water. Multiple choice question. a .Only ionic compounds dissolve in water. Covalent compounds do not dissolve. b. Fundamentally there is no difference. They both dissociate into smaller particles and diffuse throughout the water. c. Ionic compounds dissociate into positive and negative ions while covalent compounds become completely surrounded by water molecules. d. Ionic compounds become completely surrounded by water while covalent compounds dissociate into smaller particles.
Ionic compounds dissociate into positive and negative ions while covalent compounds become completely surrounded by water molecules.
The pH of solution A fell from 7.0 to 6.5. What happened to the concentration of hydrogen ions in this solution?
It increased.
passive transport mechanisms with the types of substances that the mechanism will transport: Facilitated diffusion
Large, polar molecules
How do the hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails of lipids influence their function?
Lipids will naturally form the bilayer structure of membranes.
Major sites of ATP synthesis by the process of respiration
Mitochondria
The reaction can proceed from product to reactants or reactants to product
REVISERIBLE
Which readily forms a lipid bilayer? Multiple choice question. Phospholipids Cholesterol
Phospholipids
How do pinocytosis and phagocytosis differ?
Pinocytosis involves small soluble molecules and small vesicles while phagocytosis involves larger solid particles.
What level of protein structure is the amino acid sequence of the protein?
Primary
what are the four molecules that are the principle organic molecules of the body?
Proteins Nucleic acids Lipids Carbohydrates
Identify the two primary components of the plasma membrane. Multiple choice question. Nucleic acids and carbohydrates Carbohydrates and lipids Proteins and nucleic acids Proteins and lipids
Proteins and lipids
In addition to being the principle molecule that is broken down to provide energy for the body, carbohydrates also do which of the following? Multiple choice question. Are the basic building block of amino acids Make critical enzymes in the body Provide bulk in the feces
Provide bulk in the feces
In addition to being the principle molecule that is broken down to provide energy for the body, carbohydrates also do which of the following? Multiple choice question. Make critical enzymes in the body Are the basic building block of amino acids Provide bulk in the feces
Provide bulk in the feces
tRUE:At equilibrium, the net movement of solutes stops, although random molecular motion continues, and the movement of solutes in any one direction is balanced by equal movement in the opposite direction.
TRUE
Transmembrane proteins with pores that allow ions and small molecules to pass through the membrane are referred to as ______ proteins.
channel
True or false: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes steroids and other lipids and manufactures phospholipids of the cell membrane.
True
true or false: Like diffusion, active transport only moves substances along their concentration gradient.
false
Multiple Choice Question ATP is Blank______. Multiple choice question. a molecule with stored energy a nucleotide of RNA a type of amino acid the sugar of DNA
a molecule with stored energy
A peptide bond is a chemical bond between two Blank______. Multiple choice question. monosaccharides phospholipids fatty acids amino acids
amino acids
The small organic molecules that are the monomers used to form proteins are Blank______.
amino acids
The energy required to initiate or begin a chemical reaction is called the Blank______ energy. Multiple choice question. beginning reaction activation
activation
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of ______ transport.
active
All of the metabolic reactions that build molecules in the body are collectively referred to as ______. Multiple choice question. anabolism catabolism metabolism
anabolism
Studying the structure of the heart is an example of Blank______. Multiple choice question. anatomy chemistry physiology
anatomy
the process by which there is programmed cellular death is
apoptosis
A concentration gradient occurs when the solute Blank______ evenly distributed in a solvent. Multiple choice question. are are not
are not
ions typically cross the plasma membrane through tube-like passageways called ______ proteins.
channel
The collective reactions within the body that are involved in breaking down molecules are referred to as Blank______. Multiple choice question. catabolism metabolism anabolism
catabolism
The ______ is the fundamental unit of life.
cell
What is the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life?
cell
Which of the following is the fundamental unit of all living organisms? Tissue Cell Organelle Element Atom
cell
Cytology examines the surface feature of .
cells
The major polysaccharide in plants that is important for structure is Blank______, whereas the principle polysaccharide in plants that is used for storage is Blank______.
cellulose, starch
Used in formation of microtubules found in cilia and flagella
centrioles
Transport protein X will transport molecule A but not molecule B.
characteristicc of transport protein Specificity
Energy stored in the bonds of ATP is energy.
chemical
Potential energy stored in bonds of molecules is Blank______ energy. Multiple choice question. molecular mechanical chemical
chemical
Ligand-regulated gates respond to Blank______. Multiple choice question. chemical signals physical stress changes in electrical potential
chemical signals
A ligand is a
chemical substance that binds to receptor molecules
The sugar concentration in your glass of ice tea is very high at the bottom and low at the top. This concentration distribution is an example of a(n) Blank______. Multiple choice question. osmotic equilibrium concentration gradient semipermeable transport facilitated diffusion
concentration gradient
System of microtubules and microfilaments that gives cells support, shape, and movement
cytoskeleton
The viscous fluid of the cell, containing cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic inclusions, is known as the Blank______.
cytosol
A chemical reaction in which a larger molecule is broken down into smaller ones is which type of reaction?
decomposition
Catabolism is composed of Blank______ reactions. Multiple choice question. synthesis decomposition
decomposition
An increase in pH of a solutions indicates that the concentration of hydrogen ions
decreased
As the concentration gradient of a diffusing substance decreases, the rate of diffusion
decreases
Diffusion rate will increase as the size of the molecule ______.
decreases
Water, as a lubricant, Blank______ damage from friction. Multiple choice question. decreases increases
decreases
In many biochemical reactions, individual subunits are joined to form larger macromolecules with the release of water molecules. These reactions are classified as ______.
dehydration reactions
If the hydrogen bonds that maintain the shape of a protein's secondary structure are broken, it is called
denaturation.
Gross anatomy Blank______ the use of a microscope. Multiple choice question. requires does not require
does not require
Electrolytes dissociate in water and produce a solution that can conduct .
electricity
Electrolytes dissociate in water and produce a solution that can conduct _____.
electricity
A protein that functions as a biological catalyst is called a(n) .
enzyme
A substance that facilitates chemical reactions in the body by reducing the energy of activation required to allow the reaction to occur is a(n) Blank______.
enzyme
Some membrane proteins catalyze chemical reactions on either surface of the plasma membranes. These membrane proteins function as
enzymes
Substances that lower the activation energy of a reaction and speed up the rate of reaction by bringing reactants into a position that allows them to react with each other are Blank______. Multiple choice question. enzymes activators reactants
enzymes
Cells that have their DNA inside a nucleus are of what type?
eukaryotic cells
When a molecule diffuses across a membrane via a transporter protein and metabolic energy is not expended, this is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. active transport facilitated diffusion vesicular transport diffusion
facilitated diffusion
Microvilli, through their coordinated movements play an important role in moving fluids along the surface of cells of the respiratory tract.
false
True or False: All organelles are surrounded by a membrane
false
True or false: A selectively permeable membrane is able to allow all substances to pass only some of the time.
false
True or false: A solution is any mixture of liquids, gases, but not solids.
false
True or false: In plants, starches are the polysaccharide that provide structure to the plant.
false
true of false: Diffusion is the movement of solutes from an area of higher solvent concentration to an area of lower solvent concentration.
false
true or false: A solution consists of one or more substances, called solvents, dissolved in a liquid or gas, which is called the solute.
false
Propels spermatozoa in humans
flagella
The whiplike tail of a sperm is called a
flagellum
According to the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane, the membrane is very Blank______. Multiple choice question. rigid flexible
flexible
According to the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane, the membrane is very ______.
flexible
The plasma membrane is highly flexible and can change its shape and composition. Therefore, it is described as the Blank______-mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Multiple choice question. rigid fluid phospholipid solid
fluid
The field that focuses on bodily structures that can be observed without the aid of a microscope is
gross anatomy
What protein serves as a transport molecule in the blood for oxygen and carbon dioxide?
hemoglobin
The transmission of genetic characteristics from parent to offspring is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. heredity mutations gene expression
heredity
The maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism is called .
homeostasis
The transverse plane is also called the____' plane.
horizontal
When water is split, the reaction is known as a(n) Blank______ reaction. Multiple choice question. metabolism anabolism hydrolysis dehydration
hydrolysis
Multiple Choice Question When a substance is attracted to water it is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. ionic covalent hydrophilic hydrophobic
hydrophilic
Nonpolar molecules that 'fear' water are called
hydrophobic
Transcription takes place Blank______. Multiple choice question. in the nucleus in the cytoplasm
in the nucleus
as temperature increases, the rates of chemical reactions ____
increase
The weak attractions between opposite charged sections of molecules are called Blank______. Multiple choice question. ionic bonds covalent bonds electrical bonds intermolecular forces
intermolecular forces
The main component of a cell membrane is a Blank______. Multiple choice question. lipid nucleic acid protein carbohydrate
lipid
A chemical bond formed between atoms that lose or gain electrons is a(n) ______ bond.
ionic
Intravenous solutions are often used in hospitals as part of patient care. When cells are exposed to these fluids their shapes do not change. These are______ fluids.
isotonic
Nucleic acids are Blank______ molecules. Multiple choice question. small large
large
In a synthesis reaction, a ______ product results.
larger
A molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen within the molecule is 50:1. This molecule is a
lipid
A group of organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is relatively insoluble in water defines Blank______.
lipids
Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but has a lower ratio of oxygen than do carbohydrates
lipids
Fatty acids, fats, steroids, and prostaglandins are all classified as Blank______. Multiple choice question. lipids proteins carbohydrates nucleic acids
lipids
Protection, insulation, and forming the main component of cell membranes are roles of
lipids
Relatively insoluble in water
lipids
passive transport mechanisms with the types of substances that the mechanism will transport: Diffusion
liquid soluble
When water evaporates, it changes from a Blank______. Multiple choice question. liquid to a solid liquid to a gas solid to a gas gas to a liquid
liquid to gas
A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. This causes the cell to
lose water
The membrane-bounded organelle containing a mixture of enzymes that function in digesting foreign matter, pathogens, and expired organelles is a
lysosome
In a dehydration synthesis reaction, water is ______. Multiple choice question. split made
made
Allows for cellular identification
marker molecule
Potential energy stored in bonds of molecules is Blank______ energy. Multiple choice question. chemical mechanical molecular
mechanical
transport proteins
membrane proteins that help move substances across the plasma membrane
All anabolic and catabolic reactions of the body are called ______. Multiple choice question. hydrolysis metabolism dehydration synthesis
metabolism
All of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell are collectively referred to as cell
metabolism
A(n) ______ consists of two or more tissues functioning together for a specific task.
organ
Internal structures of a cell that carry out specialized metabolic tasks are called
organelles
Specialized, functional structures found within cells are called _________blank. There are a number of these in each cell, and they are generally visible under the electron microscope
organelles
What are internal components of a cell that carry out metabolic functions?
organelles
Chemistry dealing with substances that contain carbon-hydrogen bonds is referred to as Blank______ chemistry. Multiple choice question. basic carbonic organic inorganic basic
organic
Coenzymes are Blank______ molecules. Multiple choice question. organic inorganic
organic
The study of carbon-containing substances is chemistry.
organic
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are ______ molecules.
organic
What are the 6 characteristics of life
organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction
Molecules can pass through the plasma membrane by
osmosis diffusion mediated transport
A chemical reactions in which one or more electrons are removed from an atom are Blank______ reactions, while those in which one or more electrons are added to an atom are Blank______ reactions.
oxidation, reduction
Oxygen levels in inhaled air in the lungs is much higher than oxygen levels in the capillary blood. Capillary blood has a much higher concentration of carbon dioxide than air in the lungs. Predict what will happen.
oxygen will diffuse into capillaries
Facilitated diffusion can best be described as a(n)
passive transport mechanism moving substances through a carrier from high concentration to low concentration
The covalent bond that connects amino acids to one another is known as a(n) bond.
peptide
in a chemical equation, the particles that are combined are referred to as Blank______. Multiple choice question. substrates reactants products
reactants
Proteins of the plasma membrane have many functions. Membrane proteins that provide binding sites for chemical signals are ______ proteins; membrane proteins that anchor one cell to another are ______ proteins and membrane proteins that allow for passage of materials across the plasma membrane are Blank______ proteins.
receptor, attachment, transport
The type of anatomy that studies the body area by area is called ____anatomy
regional
Products of a chemical reaction are the substances that Blank______. Multiple choice question. enter the chemical reaction result from the chemical reaction
result from the chemical reaction
Organelles that synthesize proteins are
ribosomes
Which plane runs parallel to the long axis of the body, and divides the body into right and left portions?
sagittal
A fat molecule has no double bonds between its carbon atoms; it is _____
saturated
Folding and bending of the polypeptide chain describes the Blank______ structure of a protein. Multiple choice question. secondary tertiary quaternary primary
secondary
Folding and bending of the polypeptide chain describes the Blank______ structure of a protein. Multiple choice question. tertiary primary secondary quaternary
secondary
A suspension is a mixture containing materials that
separate from each other
The primary structure of a protein is determined by the Blank______. Multiple choice question. the number or polypeptide chains sequence of amino acids hydrogen bonds among the amino acids
sequence of amino acids
A change in pH and temperature can alter cell function by changing the Blank______ of protein enzymes.
shape
Denaturation is a change in the Blank______ of a protein.
shape
A cell will ______ when placed into a hypertonic solution.
shrink
Diffusion occurs more Blank______ in viscous solvents than in watery solvent. Multiple choice question. slowly quickly
slowly
In the plasma membrane, cholesterol is present in Blank______ amounts than phospholipids. Multiple choice question. higher smaller
smaller
Endocytosis is an example of______. Multiple choice question. vesicular transport passive transport active transport
vesicular transport
The more completely an acid dissociates, the Blank______ it is. Multiple choice question. stronger weaker
stronger
The more completely an acid dissociates, the Blank______ it is. Multiple choice question. weaker stronger
stronger
Sugar dissolves in water. This is the solute? Multiple choice question. sugar water
sugar
A mixture of substances that tend to separate from one another unless they are continuously blended together would be a(n) Blank______. Multiple choice question. solvent suspension compound base
suspension
Anabolism is made up of Blank______ reactions.
synthesis
Water provides protection for the body against friction. An example is Blank______. Multiple choice question. blood sweat lymph tears
tears
What is cytoplasm?
the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
What is gene expression?
the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis
Metabolism may be defined as Blank______. Multiple choice question. all of the reactions in the body that produce energy the sum of all of the chemical reactions in the body all of the reactions in the body that require energy
the sum of all of the chemical reactions in the body
An organ is a combination of different ______ functioning together for a specific task.
tissues
he process of copying the information encoded in DNA to produce RNA is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. transcription translation replication
transcription
Conversion of a nucleotide sequences in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids is known as Blank______. Multiple choice question. replication translation transcription
translation
Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions? a. Transverse b. Sagittal c. Coronal d . Frontal
transverse
A lipid composed of three fatty acids joined to a glycerol is a(n) Blank______. Multiple choice question. steroid phospholipid triglyceride
triglyceride
In a chemical reaction, chemical bonds are formed or broken. True false question. True or False
true
True or fALSE: Diffusion is a property resulting from the constant, random motion of all atoms, molecules, or ions in a solution.
true
A compound contains ______.
two or more elements
A membrane potential value is an example of a Blank______. Multiple choice question. ligand voltage
voltage
A channel opened when the voltage across a membrane changed; therefore, it is a(n) Blank______ channel. Multiple choice question. ligand-gated receptor-mediated voltage-gated ion regulated
voltage-gated
Salt dissolves in water. Which is the solvent?
water
passive transport mechanisms with the types of substances that the mechanism will transport: osmosis
water
