CH 1
Which of the following activities happens during the SDLC planning phase? A) A presentation of why the system should or should not be developed by the organization is given. B) New system requirements are identified. C) The high level design is prepared. D) User acceptance testing is performed.
A) A presentation of why the system should or should not be developed by the organization is given.
Which of the following are delivered after the completion of the implementation phase? A) Code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities B) Functional, detailed specifications of all system elements C) Description of current system and where problems and opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace current system D) Priorities for systems and projects; an architecture for data, networks, and selection hardware, and IS management are the result of associated systems
A) Code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities
Which of the following CASE tools is useful in the analysis phase of the SDLC? A) Diagramming B) Report generators C) Form generators D) Documentation generators
A) Diagramming
In the inception phase, which of the following is NOT performed by the analysts? A) Implement the project B) Understand user requirements C) Prepare a software development plan D) Determine the feasibility of the project
A) Implement the project
In which phase of the SDLC is the information system coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization? A) Implementation B) Analysis C) Design D) Planning
A) Implementation
What are computer programs that make it easy to use and benefit from techniques and to faithfully follow the guidelines of the overall development methodology? A) Tools B) Techniques C) Data flow D) Methodologies
A)Tools
Computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes
Application Software
28) In which phase of the SDLC are the system requirements studied and structured? A) Implementation B) Analysis C) Design D) Planning
B) Analysis
________ were developed to make systems developers' work easier and more consistent. A) Data analysis tools B) Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools C) Software designing tools D) Modeling tools
B) Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools
In which design phase of the SDLC are logical specifications of the system from logical design transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished? A) Logical design B) Physical design C) Conceptual design D) High level design
B) Physical design
) ________ is/are the process(es) that an analyst will follow to help ensure that his work is complete, well-done, and understood by project team members. A) Tools B) Techniques C) Data flow D) Methodologies
B) Techniques
There are five factors that separate agile from traditional approaches to systems development. The factor "Criticality" describes which of the following agile methods factors? A) Well matched to small products and teams B) Untested on safety-critical products C) Requires continuous presence of a critical mass of scarce experts D) Thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having many degrees of freedom
B) Untested on safety-critical products
Under eXtreme Programming, ________ and ________ are intimately related parts of the same process. A) Design; coding B) Planning; design C) Coding; testing D) Testing; implementation
C) Coding; testing
In which phase of the SDLC is the description of the recommended solution converted into logical and then physical system specifications? A) Implementation B) Analysis C) Design D) Planning
C) Design
Which SDLC phase focuses on the business aspects of the design? A) Design B) Physical C) Logical D) Analysis
C) Logical
In which part of the design phase of the SDLC are the logical specifications of the system from logical design transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished? A) Implementation B) Object modeling C) Physical design D) Logical design
C) Physical design
Because computers were so expensive, computer memory was also at a premium, so system developers conserved as much memory as possible for ________. A) System design B) System analysis C) Data analysis D) Data storage
D) Data storage
Which of the following CASE tools is useful in the project initiation and planning phase of the SDLC? A) Diagramming B) Report generators C) Form generators D) Documentation generators
D) Documentation generators
Describe the Rational Unified Process (RUP) and its phases.
One of the most popular realizations of the iterative approach for object-oriented development is the Rational Unified Process (RUP), which is based on an iterative, incremental approach to systems development. RUP has four phases: inception, elaboration, construction, and transition
Phases in SDLC: Systems Development Life Cycle
Planning Analysis Design Implementation Maintenance
Organizational role most responsible for analysis and design of information systems
Systems Analyst
What are Agile Methodologies? What are the three key principles of the Agile Methodologies?
The Agile Methodologies are a response to the problems associated with the traditional SDLC methodology. The Agile Methodologies group argues that software development methodologies adapted from engineering generally do not fit with real-world software development. The three key principles are a focus on adaptive rather than predictive methodologies, a focus on people rather than roles, and a focus on a self-adaptive process.
Explain the importance of the maintenance phase in the SDLC process.
The fifth and final phase in the SDLC is maintenance. When a system (including its training, documentation, and support) is operating in an organization, users sometimes find problems with how it works and often think of better ways to perform its functions. Also, the organization's needs with respect to the system change over time. In maintenance, programmers make the changes that users ask for and modify the system to reflect evolving business conditions.
List the phases in Microsoft's Security Development Lifecycle (SDLC).
Training, Requirements, Design, Implementation, Verification, Release, and Response
According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the professional IT workforce will grow by more than 52 percent between 2010 and 2020.
false
An organizational approach to systems analysis and design is not driven by methodologies.
false
Maintenance is a separate phase and not the repetition of the other life cycle phases to study and implement the needed changes.
false
List the outputs delivered from each of the SDLC phases
planning: priorities for systems and projects. Analyzing: description of the current system, where problems and opportunities are and recommendation and how to fix it. Design: provides functional detailed specifications of all system elements and an acquisition plan for new technology. Implementation provides: code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities. Maintenance: include new versions or releases of software with associated updates.
Explain object-oriented analysis and design.
refers to systems development methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than data or processes. The goal of OOAD is to make systems elements reusable. OOAD is often called the third approach to systems development, after the process oriented and data-oriented approaches. The object-oriented approach combines data and processes (called methods) into single entities called objects.
According to Griss, finding and fixing a software problem after the delivery of the system is often far more expensive than finding and fixing it during analysis and design.
true
Although almost all systems development projects adhere to some type of life cycle, the exact location of activities and the specific sequencing of steps can vary greatly from one project to the next.
true
CASE helps programmers and analysts do their jobs more efficiently and more effectively by automating routine tasks.
true
The analysis and design of computer-based information systems began in the 1950s.
true
Which of the following is correct with respect to the logical design? A) All functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer platform. B) Logical design does not concentrate on the business aspects of the system. C) Logical design is tied to a specific hardware and software platform. D) Technical specifications are developed.
A) All functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer platform.
________ is/are the property that occurs when entity types or object classes are arranged in a hierarchy and each entity type or object class assumes the attributes and methods of its ancestors, that is, those higher up in the hierarchy. A) Inheritance B) Objects C) Participatory design D) Object-oriented analysis and design
A) Inheritance
The structure that encapsulates attributes and methods that operate on those attributes is called a(n) ________. A) Object B) Case C) Container D) Module
A) Object
According to Fowler, which of the following is NOT considered a valid individual methodology that comes under the umbrella of Agile Methodologies? A) Passive Software development B) Crystal family of methodologies C) Adaptive Software Development D) Scrum
A) Passive Software development
________ is designed to support organizational functions or processes. A) Application software B) Design software C) Analysis software D) Testing software
Application software
The first procedural, or third-generation, computer programming languages did not become available until the beginning of the ________. A) 1950s B) 1960s C) 1970s D) 1980s
B) 1960s
Which of the following is NOT valued according to the Agile Manifesto for software development? A) Responding to change over following a plan B) Working software over comprehensive documentation C) Prioritizing the plan over the change required D) Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
C) Prioritizing the plan over the change required
One of the most popular realizations of the iterative approach for object-oriented development is the ________. A) JAD B) RAD C) RUP D) eXtreme Programming
C) RUP
An integrated and standard database called a ________ is the common method for providing product and tool integration, and has been a key factor in enabling CASE to more easily manage larger, more complex projects and to seamlessly integrate data across various tools and products. A) Workbook B) Project dictionary C) Repository D) Methodology
C) Repository
The critical factor "Personnel" is related to which of the following critical factors in distinguishing agile methods from traditional systems development? A) Well matched to small products and teams B) Untested on safety-critical products C) Requires continuous presence of a critical mass of scarce experts D) Thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having many degrees of freedom
C) Requires continuous presence of a critical mass of scarce experts
________ is/are the final output from the analysis phase. A) Physical system specifications B) Work plan for the project C) Priorities for systems and projects proposal D) A description of the alternative solution
D) A description of the alternative solution
A specialized systems development life cycle is mainly required for ________. A) An organization that needs only one phase of the SDLC B) An organization that needs only two phases of the SDLC C) All organizations D) An organization that does not need all phases of the systems development life cycle or needs to modify phases
D) An organization that does not need all phases of the systems development life cycle or needs to modify phases
1) ________ would be classified as software designed to support the payroll function. A) System software B) Design software C) Analysis software D) Application software
D) Application software
Which of the following is NOT a phase in the Rational Unified Process? A) Inception B) Elaboration C) Construction D) Calculation
D) Calculation
Compared to traditional coding practices, which of the below is NOT an advantage of pair programming? A) More (and better) communication among developers B) Higher levels of productivity C) Higher-quality code D) Coding written in silos
D) Coding written in silos
Under the five critical factors "Thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having many degrees of freedom" is related to which factor? A) Personnel B) Dynamism C) Size D) Culture
D) Culture
Which of the following is NOT a general type of CASE tools? A) Diagramming Tools B) Display and Report Generators C) Analysis Tools D) Debuggers
D) Debuggers
Which of the following are delivered after the completion of analysis phase? A) Functional, detailed specifications of all system elements B) Priorities for systems and projects; an architecture for data, networks, and selection hardware, and IS management are the result of associated systems C) Code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities D) Description of current system and where problems and opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace current system
D) Description of current system and where problems and opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace current system
Which of the following are delivered after the completion of planning phase? A) Functional, detailed specifications of all system elements B) Description of all functional features of the proposed system C) Code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities D) Description of current system and where problems and opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace current system
D) Description of current system and where problems and opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace current system
Which of the following is NOT true regarding iterative development? A) It is a mechanism for dealing with a lack of predictability. B) It focuses on the frequent production of working versions of a system. C) It provides feedback to customers. D) Feedback is not provided to developers and customers.
D) Feedback is not provided to developers and customers.
Which is the fourth phase in a SDLC cycle? A) Maintenance B) Analysis C) Design D) Implementation
D) Implementation
Which of the below is NOT a true statement regarding the SDLC? A) It is a highly linked set of phases whose products feed the activities in subsequent phases. B) The different phases are clearly defined. C) The relationships between phases are well specified. D) It is a rapid method to prototype and develop an application.
D) It is a rapid method to prototype and develop an application.
In which phase of the SDLC is an information system systematically repaired and improved? A) Implementation B) Analysis C) Design D) Maintenance
D) Maintenance
A logical grouping of objects that have the same attributes and behaviors is known as a(n) ________. A) Object B) Case C) Container D) Object class
D) Object class
) ________ is/are often called the third approach to systems development, after the process oriented and data-oriented approaches. A) Inheritance B) Objects C) Participatory design D) Object-oriented analysis and design
D) Object-oriented analysis and design
Systems development methodologies and techniques which are based on objects rather than data or processes are known as ________. A) Inheritance B) Objects C) Participatory design D) Object-oriented analysis and design
D) Object-oriented analysis and design
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Evolutionary model of the SDLC process? A) Analysis B) Design C) Planning D) Procedure
D) Procedure
Which of the below is a traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems? A) Prototyping B) OOAD C) RAD D) SDLC
D) SDLC
Which of the following is the best known Agile development methodology? A) Crystal family of methodologies B) Adaptive Software Development C) Scrum D) eXtreme Programming
D) eXtreme Programming
Describe the criticism of traditional waterfall SDLC process.
One relates to the way the life cycle is organized. Note how the flow of the project begins in the planning phase and from there runs "downhill" to each subsequent phase, just like a stream that runs off a cliff. It became too tempting to ignore the need for feedback and to treat each phase as complete unto itself, never to be revisited once finished.
Explain the importance of the implementation phase in the SDLC process.
The fourth phase in the SDLC is implementation. The physical system specifications, whether in the form of a detailed model or as detailed written specifications, are turned over to programmers as the first part of the implementation phase. During implementation, analysts turn system specifications into a working system that is tested and then put into use. Implementation includes coding, testing, and installation.
Who is a systems analyst and what are the duties of a systems analyst?
The primary role of a systems analyst is to study the problems and needs of an organization in order to determine how people, methods, and information technology can best be combined to bring about improvements in the organization
Explain in detail the importance of the analysis phase of the SDLC
The second phase in the SDLC is analysis. During this phase, the analyst thoroughly studies the organization's current procedures and the information systems used to perform organizational tasks.
Explain the design phase in the SDLC and its types.
The third phase in the SDLC is design. During design, analysts convert the description of the recommended alternative solution into logical and then physical system specifications. The analysts must design all aspects of the system, from input and output screens to reports, databases, and computer processes
Most organizations found it difficult to use the systems development methodology to develop and support their information systems.
false
Most organizations never developed their applications from scratch using their in-house development staff.
false
Information systems analysis and design is a process to develop and maintain computer-based information systems.
true
The SDLC is a highly linked set of phases whose products feed the activities in subsequent phases.
true
The part of the design process that is independent of any specific hardware or software platform is referred to as logical design.
true
The response at the end of the SDL refers to a response plan developed during the release phase.
true
To be effective, techniques and tools must both be consistent with an organization's systems development methodology.
true
Which of the following is one of three key principles shared by the Agile Methodologies? A) A focus on self-adaptive processes B) A focus on roles C) A focus on predictive methodologies D) A focus on passive processes
A) A focus on self-adaptive processes
In which design phase of the SDLC are all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis described independently of any computer platform? A) Logical design B) Physical design C) Conceptual design D) High level design
A) Logical design
Which of the following is NOT a feature of eXtreme Programming? A) Long cycles B) Incremental planning approach C) Focus on automated tests written by programmers and customers to monitor the development process D) Reliance on an evolutionary approach to development
A) Long cycles
Which of the following is a component of the Maintenance phase of the SDLC? A) New versions or releases of software with associated updates to documentation, training, and support B) Functional, detailed specifications of all system elements C) Priorities for systems and projects; an architecture for data, networks, and selection hardware, and IS management are the result of associated systems D) Code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities
A) New versions or releases of software with associated updates to documentation, training, and support
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the traditional waterfall SDLC approach? A) Prototypes do not work properly. B) Users are locked into requirements. C) The role of customers is narrowly defined. D) Intangible processes are given hard and fast dates.
A) Prototypes do not work properly.
Who has the primary responsibility for the design and analysis of information systems? A) Systems analyst B) Software engineer C) Employees D) Applications developer
A) Systems analyst
Most organizations find it beneficial to use a standard set of steps, called ________, to develop and support their information systems. A) Systems development methodology B) Supply chain management systems C) Analytical processing systems D) Customer relationship management systems
A) Systems development methodology
Attempts to make systems development less of an art and more of a science are usually referred to as ________. A) Systems engineering B) Computer-aided software engineering C) Computer engineering D) Systems development
A) Systems engineering
Which of the following is a drawback of the traditional waterfall SDLC approach? A) Users are locked into requirements. B) There are no criticisms. C) The process is too chaotic. D) It is too short of a process.
A) Users are locked into requirements.
) ________ are large, complex systems that consist of a series of independent system modules. A) Supply chain management systems B) Enterprise-wide systems C) Customer relationship management systems D) Transaction processing systems
B) Enterprise-wide systems
The critical factor "Dynamism" refers to which of the following agile methods critical factors? A) Well matched to small products and teams. B) Simple design and continuous refactoring are excellent for highly dynamic environments but a source of potentially expensive rework for highly stable environments. C) Requires continuous presence of a critical mass of scarce experts. D) Thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having many degrees of freedom.
B) Simple design and continuous refactoring are excellent for highly dynamic environments but a source of potentially expensive rework for highly stable environments.
Which of the below is NOT considered as the principle as per the agile manifesto? A) Working software is the primary measure of progress. B) Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility. C) Business people and developers work separately throughout the project. D) The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams.
C) Business people and developers work separately throughout the project.
What is the first phase in the Systems Development Life Cycle? A) Analysis B) Design C) Planning D) Procedure
C) Planning
What is meant by system methodologies, techniques, and tools?
Methodologies are comprehensive, multiple-step approaches to systems development. Techniques are particular processes that you follow to help ensure that your work is complete, well done, and understood by others. Tools are typically computer programs that make it easier to use and benefit from techniques and to follow faithfully the guidelines of the overall development methodology.
What is a system development methodology?
Most organizations find it beneficial to use a standard set of steps, called a systems development methodology, to develop and support their information systems
As part of logical design, analysts design the various parts of the system to perform the physical operations necessary to facilitate data capture, processing, and information output
false
Implementation is the final step of the traditional waterfall SDLC method.
false
In the SDLC, it is not possible to complete some activities in one phase in parallel with some activities of another phase.
false
New versions or releases of software with associated updates to documentation, training, and support are not part of the maintenance phase.
false
Techniques and tools must make it difficult for system developers to conduct the steps called for in the methodology.
false
The Agile Methodologies focus on the roles that people perform rather than placing the emphasis on individuals.
false
The life cycle can be thought of as a linear process in which the end of the useful life of one system leads to the beginning of another project that will develop a new version or replace an existing system altogether.
false
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a rare methodology for systems development in many organizations
false
The third phase in the SDLC is planning and in this phase the analyst thoroughly studies the organization's current procedures and the information systems used to perform organizational tasks.
false
eXtreme Programming is not an instance of one of the Agile Methodologies.
false
What is an application software and its importance?
importance is application software design to support a specific organizational function
What are the five major phases of the SDLC?
include planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.
Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools were developed to make systems developers' work easier and more consistent.
true
Which of the below is a true statement regarding the systems development life cycle? A) The SDLC is not iterative. B) It is not possible to complete some activities in one phase in parallel with those of another phase. C) The life cycle can be thought of as a circular process in which the end of the useful life of one system leads to the beginning of another project to develop a new version of or replace an existing system. D) The life cycle can be thought of as a linear process in which the end of the useful life of one system leads to the beginning of another project to develop a new version of or replace an existing system.
C) The life cycle can be thought of as a circular process in which the end of the useful life of one system leads to the beginning of another project to develop a new version of or replace an existing system.
