Ch 1 Theories in Lifespan Development

insufficient attention to environmental and social factors involved in behavior

Evolutionary perspectives on lifespan development have been criticized for

the pleasure principle ???

In a mommy's group for new mothers, one infant's parent, a psychotherapist whose work is based on Sigmund Freud's theory, jokes, "My baby is all id. If it feels good, then it is good. If it feels bad, then it is bad." Which of Freud's principles is this parent referring to?

conduct research

In a research lab meeting, the principal investigator for a study of attachment styles in infants informs new research assistants that they will review theories and develop hypotheses before they can ________ to test their hypotheses.

unconditional positive regard

In pre-marital counseling, a couple describes how they intend to raise their children to have a sense of value and positive self-concept that is not attached to specific accomplishments or conditions of worth. Carl Rogers would call this

object permanence

Infants younger than 5 months old do not search for objects once they have been removed from their sight. According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, these infants have not yet developed

John Locke

Many popular quotes by famous people reference a "blank slate" as a platform and springboard for creativity. We may credit the popularity of this phrase to ________, an early scholar of human development.

initiative vs guilt

Parents are at an indoor playspace their five-year-old child. The parents observe the child check out the slide, then check out a playhouse before deciding to play on a climbing structure. According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, by allowing the child to explore within limits and by supporting the child's choice, these parents are helping their child successfully navigate which stage of development?

assimilation and accommodation

Piaget's two basic principles of growth in children's understanding of the world are

humanistic

Professor Miller wants to conduct a study motivation in children from lower socio-economic status school districts to graduate school and attend college. She wants to examine the impact of Low SES and its correlates, such as lower educational achievement and describe the comparative differences on cognitive development in students attending lower SES schools with students attending Higher SES schools. Ultimately, she plans to describe human potential and the importance of the self-actualizing tendency when facing social difficulty. Professor Miller is most likely a ________ psychologist.

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Sonja is confident, open, unconventional, and spontaneous. While she is able to follow generally accepted social expectations, she doesn't feel confined by these norms in her thoughts or behaviors. She has stable employment, is in a satisfying relationship with her partner for 5 years and is respected by others. Which theorists might say that these are characteristics of self-actualized people?

Lev Vygotsky's theory that emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture. Key terms and concepts include the zone of proximal development and scaffolding.

The development of the sociocultural theory is attributed to

Konrad Lorenz

The evolutionary perspective draws from the field of ethology, which examines the ways in which our biological makeup can influence our behavior. Who was a primary proponent of ethology?

unconditioned stimulus ???

Think of someone who gets nauseous at the sight of shrimp after previously having the experience of eating shrimp and feeling really sick the next day. According to Pavlov's classical conditioning paradigm, the shrimp is a(n)

information processing

Two researchers are debating theories of cognitive development. Dr. Branch equates the mind to a computer, which Dr. Wall rejects because that view does not take into account the social context in which development takes place. Which approach to cognitive development does Dr. Branch support?

Chronosystem

When Etienne was 8 yrs old, his parents divorced and his mom remarried and moved him to a new state when he was 10 yrs old. This experience was part of a major transition for Etienne. According to Bronfenbrenner, this would be considered part of the ________, or the environmental events and transitions that occur during a person's lifetime.

eclectic approach

When lifespan development researchers draw on several perspectives simultaneously because they recognize that the same developmental phenomenon can be viewed from a number of angles, they are using

contextual

Which psychological perspective considers the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds?

social cognitive theory

You are reading reviews for a new cafe in your neighborhood. The reviewer warns potential customers of the unusual layout and recommends that customers first stand back and observe how people order, pay for, and pick up food in order to learn how to navigate the restaurant. Which behavioral approach to learning is this reviewer advocating?

Social cognitive theory

You walk into a new cafe with an unusual layout. You stand back and observe how customers order and pay at one station, then pick up their food at another station. Now you have learned how to get food in this restaurant. Which behavioral approach to learning does this describe?

Behavioral genetics

is best suited to study the genetic contributions to addictive behavior, such as Internet gambling. This approach to scientific research would use twin, family, and adoption studies to compare the health and behavior outcomes of individuals who share the same environment or hereditary lineage.

the law of effect

is operating when you take your keys out of the ignition before exiting your car so that you can avoid hearing the annoying beep that sounds if you try to exit your car with the keys still in the ignition.

the zone of proximal development refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they cannot do

A student is close to mastering a new language skill, but the student needs more practice and assistance before performing the skill independently. According to Vygotsky, this gap between what a student can and cannot do without help is referred to as

scaffolding

A teacher uses a kind of guided assistance to model problem-solving and provide levels of support as needed, which enables children to understand concepts and gain more language skills. What term would Vygotsky use to describe this?

intimacy vs isolation

A young adult client tells her therapist how she struggles to develop and maintain successful relationships with others. The therapist learns that the client did not develop a strong sense of self or positive self-concept in adolescence. Erik Erikson would suggest that we must have a strong sense of self before we can develop successful intimate relationships. Which stage of psychosocial development does this situation reflect?

Arnold Gesell

Current research on child development that uses one-way viewing screens and recording methods that do not disturb children are benefiting from the observational techniques first developed by

mesosystem

Educators and their concerns about the impact of school philosophy, daily routines, assessment methods on children's self-image, learning, and sense of accomplishment represent which element of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model?

theories

A research advisor recommends that graduate students review all the ________ on a topic of interest in order to understand all the well-developed sets of ideas that explain the topic and then use this information to make predictions for their own research.

formal operational

A pediatrician asks a child what he wants to be when he grows up. The child's response shows that he is seriously reflecting on the future, imagining what he wants to be when he grows up and planning what it might take to get there. This ability to think abstractly and deal with hypothetical situations is indicative of Piaget's ________ stage of cognitive development.

Pavlov and Classical Conditioning

A learned response is called a "conditioned" response. dog > sound of bell > salivate before food arrives

the good life

A mental health professional tells participants in her workshop that she helps people achieve ________ by being more open to life experiences, living each moment fully, and being more creative in dealing with life's challenges."

macrosystem view

A child development expert publishes a book on the impact of global advances in technology on children's development. According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model, what would be a good subtitle for the author's book?

competence

A child therapist-in-training is providing a case formulation using Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. The therapist tells the supervisor that the child has developed an inferiority complex and therefore has not successfully navigated the Industry versus Inferiority stage by developing

operant conditioning

A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences

self-actualization

According to Maslow, ________ is attained when a person can say they are truly happy to have used their talents and skills to their fullest potential.

initation

After students in an acting class watch instructors demonstrate stage combat techniques, the students then practice executing the behavior (i.e., the stage combat techniques) they are trying to learn. This describes the ________ part of Bandura's observational learning process.

formal operational children in the formal operational stage (age 12+) can deal with abstract ideas and hypothetical situations

Children who are seriously reflecting on the future, imagining what they want to be when they grow up and planning what it might take to get there have reached Piaget's ________ stage of cognitive development.