CH 10

Adaptive change is the introduction of a practice that is new to the organization. T/F

False Adaptive change is reintroduction of a familiar practice—the implementation of a kind of change that has already been experienced within the same organization. Innovative change is the introduction of a practice that is new to the organization.

Organizational development managers and consultants follow a moving vehicle model. T/F

False Like physicians, OD managers and consultants follow a medical-like model; that is, they follow the rules of evidence-based management. They approach the organization as if it were a sick patient, using diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation: "diagnosing" its ills, "prescribing" treatment or intervention, and "monitoring" or evaluating progress.

Innovation can be easily systematized. T/F

False Lots of people believe that innovation can be systematized, or made a codified and standardized process that can be designed to always yield fruitful results. Obviously, if this could be done, many companies would be doing it. The problem with innovation, however, is that there are too many challenges associated with it, which makes success unpredictable.

OD intervention strategies that are successful in one country are highly likely to be successfully applied in other countries. T/F

False OD effectiveness is affected by cross-cultural considerations. Thus, an OD intervention that worked in one country should not be blindly applied to a similar situation in another country.

When a manager is trying to foster innovation, the first thing he or she should do is work to overcome employee resistance. T/F

False The first step in fostering innovation is to recognize problems and opportunities, and devise solutions.

Innovation happens in a "Eureka!" moment and it can be systematized. T/F

False Two myths about innovation are that it happens in a "Eureka!" moment and that it can be systematized

Which of the following is not a recommended way to manage innovation and change?

Prevent failure at all cost.

Disruptive innovation is a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors. T/F

True

Managers hoping to foster innovation must gain allies by communicating their vision. T/F

True

Radical innovation creates products, services, or technologies that don't exist yet. T/F

True

The value of Kotter's steps for leading organizational change is that they provide specific recommendations about behaviors that managers need to exhibit to successfully lead organizational change. T/F

True

A consultant with a background in behavioral sciences who can be a catalyst in helping organizations deal with old problems in new ways is known as a _____.

change agent

The organizational development (OD) process has three steps: ____, ____, and ____.

diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation

Employees resist change for all the following reasons except _____.

faith in change agent's intentions

When a grocery store chain adopts a new practice of its competitors by staying open 24 hours a day, requiring employees to work flexible schedules, it is considered a(n) ______ change.

innovative

Which of the following is not one of the four steps for fostering innovation?

issue a mandate: change or leave

An emotional or behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as _____.

resistance to change

Resistance to organizational change is considered to be the interaction of three causes. These causes can be generally described as employee characteristics, change agent characteristics, and _____.

the change agent-employee relationship

To explain how to initiate, manage, and stabilize planned change, Kurt Lewin developed a model with three stages. They were _______.

unfreeze, change, and refreeze

In the ______ stage of Kurt Lewin's change model, managers try to instill in employees the motivation to change, encouraging them to let go of behaviors that are resistant to innovation.

unfreezing