Ch. 10 Brain Structures
Cerebral Aqueduct
CFS passes through this small canal in the midbrain
Visual receiving area
Collects sensory information from the retina. located in the occipital lobe
Respiratory Center
Controls the muscles of respiration in response to chemical and other stimuli.
Auditory Receiving Area
Detects sound impulses transmitted from the environment. located in the temporal lobe
Limbic System
A diffuse collection of neurons involved in emotional states and behavior. It has extensive connections with all brain regions.
Brain Stem
Anterior region below the cerebrum. 3 divisions: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata Functions: Connects the cerebrum and diencephalon with the spinal cord.
Pons
Anterior to the cerebellum. Functions: Connects the cerebrum with lower portions of the brain. Helps regulate respiration.
Midbrain
Below center of the cerebrum. Functions: Has reflex centers concerned with vision and hearing.
Cerebellum
Below the posterior portion of the cerebrum and divided into two hemispheres. Functions: Coordinates voluntary muscles. Maintains balance and muscle tone.
Diencephalon
Between the cerebrum and the brain stem. Contains the thalamus and hypothalamus. Functions: The thalamus sorts and redirects sensory input; The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis; controls the autonomic nervous system and pituitary gland.
Medulla Oblongata
Between the pons and spinal cord. Functions: Links the brain with spinal cord. Centers for control of vital functions.
Wernicke Area
Functions in speech recognition and the meaning of words.
Cardiac Center
Helps regulate the rate and force of the heartbeat.
Auditory Association Area
Interrupts the sound. found in the temporal lobe
Cerebrum
Largest and most superior portion of the brain. Divided into two hemispheres; each subdivided into lobes. Functions: Cortex (outer layer) is site for conscious thought, memory, reasoning, and abstract mental functions, all localized within specific lobes.
Frontal Lobe
Lies anterior to the central sulcus. motor functions (movement) involved in planning and conscious thought
Hypothamalmus
Located in the midline area inferior to the thalamus and forms the floor of the third ventricle.
Basal Nuclei
Modulate motor inputs and facilitate practiced, routine motor tasks.
Pariental Lobe
Occupies the superior part of each hemisphere and lies posterior to the central sulcus; estimated sizes, distances, and shape contains primary sensory area
Vasomotor center
Regulates the contraction of smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls and thus controls blood flow and blood pressure.
Reticular Formation
Sausage-shaped network of neuronal cell bodies spanning the length of the brain stem
Hippocampus
Shaped like a sea horse and located under the lateral ventricles.
Thalamus
Sorts out the impulses and directs them to a particular area of the cerebral cortex.
Cingulate Gyrus
The portion of the cerebral cortex looping over the corpus callousum. It associates with emotions with memories.
Amyglada
Two clusters of nuclei deep in the temporal lobes.
Cerebral Cortex
a thin layer of grey matter that covers the cerebral hemisphere; responsible for conscious thought, reasoning and abstract mental thought
Pia Mater
attached to the nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord and follows all contours of these structures
Cerebrospinal fluid
clear liquid that circulates in and around the brain and spinal cord; supports nervous tissue and to cushion shocks transports waste product from cells produced in ventricles
Lateral Sulcus
curves a long the side of each hemisphere and separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.
Ventricles
four spaces within the brain that CSF forms lateral- largest, located in cerebral hemispheres third- surrounded by diencephalon fourth- located between brain stem and spinal cord horns- extend into lobes of cerebrum
Corpus Callosum
important band of white matter located at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure; its a bridge between left and right hemispheres, permitting impulses to cross from one side of the brain to the other
Primary somatosensory area
impulses from the skin such as touch, pain, & temperature are recieved
Visual association area
interprets the impulses into a mental "picture" located in the occipital lobe
Prefrontal Cortex
involved in memory, problem solving, and conscious thought.
Central Sulcus
lies between the frontal and the parietal lobes of each hemisphere at right angles to the longitudinal fissure
Temporal Lobe
lies inferior to the lateral sulcus and folds under the hemisphere on each side; functions in speech and recognition and the meaning of words (hearing) helps you to smell
Occipital Lobe
lies posterior to the parietal lobe and extends over the cerebellum; contains the visual receiving area, collects sensory information from the retina visual association area, interprets impulses into a mental "picture"
Posterior association area
much of the parietal lobe, as well as portions of the temporal and occipital lobes form this; accepts information from all of the sensory association areas and our memories to construct an integrated view of the world
Choroid Plexus
network of ependymal cells and blood vessels
Primary Motor Area
provides conscious control of skeletal muscles
Interventricular formina
small openings that allow CSF to flow through to get to the third ventricle
Arachnoid Mater
the middle layer of the meninges; loosely attached to the pia mater.
Meninges
three layers of connective tissue that surround both the brain and the spinal cord layers: Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater
Dura Mater
toughest of the meninges; in two layers around the brain, outer layer is fused to cranial bones
Broca Area
within the prefrontal cortex in one cerebral hemisphere