Ch 10

Which of the following is the current conclusion regarding the role of androgens in female sexual activity?

Androgens amplify the effects of estradiol

Which of the following is true of pheromone action in humans?

Men rate T-shirts worn by women during their fertile phase as more pleasant than T-shirts worn during their non-fertile phase

If you were to see the developing gonads of a 6-week-old male fetus, you would see

gonads that are not differentiated for a male or female

A genetic male has a hormone receptor deficiency that resulted in this person having a penis and both sets of internal sex organs. The most likely explanation for this case is that the person might

have persistent Müllerian duct syndrome.

A larger sexually dimorphic nucleus of the medial preoptic area is the result of ________________ in fetal development.

high levels of androgens

Which of the following is known to speed up the onset of female puberty?

high plasma levels of leptin

A group of neurons in the lumbar region of the rat spinal cord projects to the posterior intralaminar thalamus, which may be involved in the pleasurable experience of orgasm. These neurons are known as

lumbar spinothalamic cells.

Ovulation involves a surge in ________, which in turn ________.

luteinizing hormone; ruptures the ovarian follicle and releases an ovum

Individuals with cloacal exstrophy are genetic _____________ who are often sexually attracted to ____________.

males; females

A hormone that promotes the prenatal development of the Wolffian system is said to have a(n)

masculinizing effect.

Male rodent sexual behavior can be diminished by damage to the

medial preoptic area.

Male sexual behavior in the rat is critically dependent on the

medial preoptic area.

Electrical stimulation of the ________ enhances sexual behavior in the ________.

medial preoptic area; male rat

Women are more likely to initiate sex during _______________, suggesting an influence of hormones on female sexual behavior.

ovulation

All cells of the human body contain 23

pairs of chromosomes

In ________, one might expect to observe both male and female internal reproductive structures.

persistent Müllerian duct syndrome in a genetic male

The formation of the ovaries during prenatal development is controlled by

no factor.

_______________ increases an individual's likelihood to trust another person with his or her money.

Oxytocin

Which of the following is true of the rat estrous cycle?

The rat estrous cycle lasts 4 days.

Which of the following accurately represents the neural pathways that control the muscles responsible for lordosis in female rats?

VMH -> PAG -> medullary reticular formation -> ventral horn motor neurons

Administration of a GnRH antagonist to human males is most likely to cause

a decrease in sexual interest and intercourse after two weeks of treatment.

An example of a secondary sex characteristic is

a deep voice.

Which sequence of hormone treatment is most likely to restore sexual receptivity in an ovariectomized female rat?

a small dose of estradiol followed by a progesterone dose

A human female is more likely to initiate sexual activity with her partner

at a point in the menstrual cycle when estradiol levels are highest.

A brain that is exposed to androgen during prenatal development will not show female sexual behavior in adulthood. This effect is referred to as

behavioral defeminization.

The principle that best describes an organizational effect of androgens during prenatal development that enables an animal to engage in male sexual behavior as an adult is

behavioral masculinization.

Based on the impact of prenatal androgenization in rodents, the text author suggests that the brains of human

bisexuals are masculinized, but not defeminized.

The term concordant refers to when

both members of a twin pair show the same trait

The prenatal development of the internal reproductive structures of the male requires

ecretion of androgens.

In considering male sexual behavior, it is true that

ejaculation refers to the discharge of semen from the penis.

Damage to the lumbar spinothalamic cells impairs

ejaculation.

An adult rodent that was NOT exposed to prenatal androgens is injected estrogen and progesterone as an adult. You would expect that rodent to display

female sexual behaviors.

Research by Coolen suggests that the circuit for the ejaculation generator in the male rat is located

in the lumbar region.

The hormone ________ controls the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

kisspeptin

The key distinction between an organizational hormone effect and an activational hormone effect is that

organizational effects are permanent.

Which of the following is considered to be a human sex organ?

ovaries

The key principle demonstrated by Turner's syndrome is that

ovaries are NOT necessary for development of the Müllerian system.

Lordosis is considered to be an example of ________ in the female rat.

receptivity

Menstruation is triggered by

reduced secretion of estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum.

The size of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is an indicator of

sexual identity.

The odor of human female underarm sweat can

synchronize menstrual cycles in women.

Both men and women appear to show increased secretion of ________ in anticipation of renewed sexual contact.

testosterone

The hormone ________ exerts a defeminizing action during prenatal development.

testosterone

The genetic sex of a fetus is determined by

the father's sperm

The key event that starts sexual maturation at the onset of puberty is that

the pituitary secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormones.

A person's genetic sex is determined by

the sperm, which can carry either an X or Y chromosome.

Postmortem studies of brains of gay and heterosexual men and women have shown differences in the size of

the suprachiasmatic nucleus

If the Sry gene is present but there are faulty receptors for testosterone, it is likely that

the testes will develop but the penis will not develop.

Twin studies indicate that

there is a genetic basis for homosexuality in males as well as in females.

The primary feature that distinguishes a menstrual cycle from an estrous cycle is that

there is no cycle of growth/loss of the uterine lining in the estrous cycle