CH. 11

The tendency to judge the behavior of the members of your group more favorably than the behavior of members of other groups is called:

in-group bias.

The social group to which a person belongs is called the _____, and the social group to which a person does not belong is called the _____.

in-group; out-group

The phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present means the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress is called:

the bystander effect.

Conformity is defined as:

Adjusting your opinions, judgments, or behavior so that it matches the opinions, judgments, or behavior of other people, or the norms of a social group or situation.

What were the basic results of psychologist Stanley Milgram's original obedience study?

Despite hearing protests from the "learner" in another room, two-thirds of the subjects continued to administer shocks all the way to the full 450-volt level.

What were the basic results of psychologist Stanley Milgram's original obedience study?

Despite hearing protests from the learner in another room, two-thirds of the subjects continued to administer shocks all the way to the full 450-volt level.

We put forth more effort when working in a group than individually.

False

_____ is defined as a negative attitude toward people who belong to a specific group.

Prejudice

As a general rule, conformity is higher in collectivistic cultures than it is in individualistic cultures.

True

In the Robbers Cave experiment, the researchers created rivalry by having the two groups compete against each other in a series of games.

True

The Robbers Cave experiments by psychologist Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues demonstrated how hostility between groups could be created and, more important, how that hostility could be overcome.

True

You are more likely to conform to group norms when you are facing a unanimous majority of four or five people.

True

Solomon Asch set up an experimental situation in which participants were asked to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard line, as shown here. His research was designed to answer a straightforward question, namely:

Would people conform to group pressure even if the group opinion was clearly wrong?

Solomon Asch set up an experimental situation in which participants were asked to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard line. His research was designed to answer a straightforward question, namely:

Would people still conform to the group if the group opinion was clearly wrong?

The "rules," or expectations, for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation are called:

social norms.

The branch of psychology that studies how a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the presence of other people and by the social and physical environment is called:

social psychology.

The textbook defines _____ as a cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a specific social group, often including qualities that are unrelated to the objective criteria that define the group.

stereotype

The tendency to see members of out-groups as very similar to each other is called:

the out-group homogeneity effect.

The bus is fairly crowded when you get on. You make a rapid evaluation and quickly decide to sit next to a well-dressed senior citizen because you think that it will be safer to sit next to him than some of the other people on the bus. This example illustrates:

the process of person perception.