CH 11 AND 12
In the Old South, the percentage of white families that owned slaves was approximately:
25 percent.
As a driving force in the creation of public schools for all, Horace Mann promoted the idea that schools were training free individuals, which he believed meant people who might follow any desire they had, from hedonism to zoology.
False
Many northern women were inspired and transformed by the abolitionist message, but few played an active role in spreading it.
False
More than 1 million northerners became abolitionists during the 1830s.
False
Most African-Americans strongly supported settlement of themselves and other blacks in Africa (as a means to escape southern slavery).
False
Overall, the reform movement focused on improving the moral character of Americans; it made little effort to improve their material conditions.
False
Shakers practiced sexual polygamy as part of their religious beliefs.
False
Which of the following was not a part of slavery's impact on the northern economy?
Slave labor in the southern Cotton Belt undermined cotton production in the North.
Which was not a condition of slavery?
Slaves were not allowed to carry shotguns in South Carolina.
Which of the following was not a central theme of planter ideology?
There is no place for fixed social hierarchies in a democratic republic.
According to abolitionist and former slave, Frederick Douglass, "not to give a slave enough to eat, is regarded as the most aggravated development of meanness, even among slaveholders."
True
Disagreement over the role of women in antislavery campaigns
True
The founders of Brook Farm envisioned a harmonious blend of physical labor, intellectual work, and leisure.
True
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
founding of American Colonization Society; establishment of Liberia; William Lloyd Garrison's Thoughts on African Colonization
Nat Turner:
led an 1831 slave uprising in Virginia, killing about sixty whites.
In American slave culture, jumping over a broomstick was associated with which of the following acts?
marriage
The number of voluntary reform communities established in the decades before the Civil War that historians often call "utopian" communities—such as the Oneidan, Owenite, or Fourierist communities—numbered about:
one hundred.
Which of the following was not an area of public activism open to women during the 1830s and '40s?
political party conventions
American reform efforts during the 1820s and 1830s:
raised and addressed a variety of issues, such as alcoholism, crime, prison life, illiteracy, labor conditions, women's rights, and slavery.
As a driving force in the creation of public schools for all, Horace Mann promoted all of the following views except that:
schools were training free individuals, which he believed meant people who might follow any desire they had, from hedonism to zoology.
Which was not among the institutional asylums built during the 1830s and 1840s?
settlement houses in cities
"In southern cities, thousands of slaves were employed as skilled artisans." Define "artisan."
skilled craftsman
At the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention in New York, Elizabeth Cady Stanton modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on:
the Declaration of Independence.
Beginning in 1816, the American Colonization Society:
wished both to abolish slavery and send American blacks to Africa.
Approximately how many enslaved individuals ran away to the North each year?
1,000
Between 1833 and 1840, about how many northerners joined abolitionist groups?
100,000
Which of the following does not apply to the comparative experience of slaves and free blacks in the Old South?
Between 1800 and 1860 the material conditions of free blacks steadily improved, while those of slaves steadily deteriorated.
Which was not an aspect of cooperative Shaker settlements?
Dancing was not allowed in Shaker settlements.
The southern state with the largest free black population in relation to its total African-American population was?
Delaware
A chief endeavor of black abolitionists was the call for freed blacks to travel to Africa to live in peace and freedom.
False
Abolitionists did not believe so much in "moral suasion" as in the violent overthrow of the slave power and insurrection by slaves themselves.
False
According to Frederick Douglass, the heritage of the American Revolution and the founding fathers had nothing to offer blacks.
False
As a group, Irish immigrants were one of the biggest supporters of the temperance movement.
False
As they were committed to the separation of the sexes, Shaker communities admitted only men.
False
Brook Farm was a vibrant, successful, and active community for more than a century.
False
By 1860, tax-supported school systems for children had been established in every state.
False
Dancing was forbidden in Shaker settlements.
False
Dorothea Dix was a leading advocate of abolitionism.
False
During the early to mid-1800s, sugar produced in the slave South was America's leading export.
False
First and foremost, Abbey Kelley was a tariff reform activist.
False
Harriet Beecher Stowe was most famous for running the Underground Railroad.
False
In the biography Incidents in the Life of a Salve Girl, Jacobs, Harriet A., talks about the brutality of slavery; slave owners could not be trusted, and saw the slaves as property, they weren't just being used to work the lands, but also being abused physically and mentally. The Nature of slavery in this passage really opens your eyes. It wasn't just forced labor, people where using these slaves as a way to feel better about themselves. They seemed to enjoy having a class of people beneath them, and some of the slave owners like Dr. Flint were terrible people. Although Harriet wasn't very descriptive about her sex life it is apparent that she was being sexual harassed by her slave owner Dr. Flint, and not only was he sexually harassing her, he was mentally abusing her. He would tell her that he was her master, and try to make her feel as though she was nothing. He had become obsessed with breaking her will to fully submit to him. She also makes many accounts about how slave owners just could not be trusted. Harriet also talks about how her Grandmother lent her mistress 300 dollars of hard earned money that was being saved to free her children. Her mistress violated her trust never to return the money. Slavery affected Sothern society by making the people lose their humanity. For example, when Harriet had children with Mr. Sands she was scared he would sell his own children. This was not an inconceivable concept for this time period.
False
Separated by large gaps in wealth and breeding, planters and poorer whites of the Old South seldom found anything in common.
False
Slaves knew little of Christianity or the Bible, and slave masters usually withheld access to religion from their enslaved labor.
False
Slaves on cotton plantations found harsher work conditions but greater autonomy than did those on rice plantations.
False
The Liberator, the abolitionist journal, was published in Boston in 1831 by Lucretia Mott.
False
The Underground Railroad ran on steel tracks (after its iron ones were replaced) that were generally hidden in forest growth.
False
The laws of almost all southern states recognized the legality of slave marriages.
False
William Lloyd Garrison was most remembered for his book Uncle Tom's Cabin.
False
Which of the following was not a feature of the emergent American feminism of the 1840s?
Feminist leaders like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott confined their focus to the quest for suffrage; for them, demands for equality in other areas seemed trivial by comparison.
The most influential African-American of the nineteenth century and the nation's leading advocate of racial equality was:
Frederick Douglass.
Whose name is most often associated with the Underground Railroad?
Harriet Tubman
Which was not a characteristic of Robert Owen's early-nineteenth-century utopian communities?
Individualism and anarchy were watchwords at New Harmony.
Which was not true of Brook Farm?
It functioned as a vibrant community for a half-century.
Which of the following was not true of the plain white folk of the Old South?
Like slaves, they had few civil or political rights.
Which was not the case for free blacks?
Most free blacks rose to the status of skilled, middle-class workers.
In the years before the Civil War, the wealthiest Americans were:
Planters in South Carolina and Mississippi.
Which was not a chief endeavor of black abolitionists?
They called for freed blacks to travel to Africa to live in peace and freedom.
Which was not a restriction on free blacks in the Old South?
They could own dogs and firearms.
Which of the following is not true of the utopian communities of the 1820s, '30s, and '40s?
They differed little in their systems of labor, gender relations, and internal governance.
What happened to the 135 enslaved persons who in 1841 seized the ship, the Creole, and sailed to Nassau in search of freedom?
They were given refuge in the British Caribbean.
"Perfectionism" is the view that social ills once considered unable to be cured could now be eradicated.
True
"Shakers" got their name because they were similar in their faith beliefs to Quakers but danced in a shaking manner as part of their religious services.
True
A small number of African-Americans owned slaves in the Old South.
True
Abby Kelley was one of the foremost female orators in the country during her time.
True
Advocates of moral reform encountered widespread indifference or opposition on the part of those they were trying to reform.
True
After a brief period of apprenticeship, the end of slavery in Britain came on August 1, 1838.
True
American reform efforts during the 1820s and 1830s raised and addressed a variety of issues, such as alcoholism, crime, prison life, illiteracy, labor conditions, women's rights, and slavery.
True
As a driving force in the creation of public schools for all, Horace Mann promoted the idea that universal public education would encourage the good of society by bringing children of all economic classes together in a common learning experience.
True
By 1860, economic investment in the United States in slaves exceeded the total economic investment in the nation's factories, railroads, and banks combined.
True
By the mid-nineteenth century (1800s), all states had made it illegal to kill a slave except in self-defense.
True
Cotton was the major agricultural crop of the South and, indeed, the nation, but slaves also grew rice, sugarcane, tobacco, and hemp.
True
During the 1830s, '40s, and '50s, elaborate defenses of slavery grew more and more common in southern public life.
True
During the 1830s, '40s, and '50s, southern whites increasingly viewed the region's free black population as a threat to the system of slavery.
True
Following the Nat Turner Rebellion, the Virginia legislature discussed the possibility of abolishing slavery within the state.
True
For slaves, slavery meant constant fear that their families might be destroyed by sale, incessant toil, and brutal punishment.
True
Horace Mann believed that freedom could derive only from self-discipline and self-control.
True
Improvements in the slaves' living conditions were meant to strengthen slavery, not undermine it.
True
In 1850, most slaveowning families owned five or fewer slaves.
True
In 1860, the South as a whole produced less than 10 percent of the nation's manufactured goods.
True
In 1860, three of four white families owned no slaves.
True
In the absence of a strong national government, American social and political activity was organized through voluntary associations such as churches, fraternal societies, and political clubs.
True
In the midst of the American antebellum era, the British Parliament launched a program for abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire in 1831.
True
Often, many slaves supplemented the food provided by their owners with other food items including chickens and vegetables they raised themselves.
True
Slaveowners had many ways to enforce discipline among their slaves—from physical punishment, to material incentives, to the threat of sale.
True
Slaves had many ways to "quietly" resist the power of the slave owners—from feigning illness, to wrecking tools, to performing inadequate labor.
True
The Liberty Bell took its name not from eighteenth-century American Revolutionaries, but instead, from nineteenth-century abolitionists.
True
The prevalence of plantation slavery kept the South from matching northern rates of immigration, industrial development, and urban growth.
True
The suppression of abolitionism provoked broad outrage among northerners, including many who had little compassion for the plight of slaves.
True
Though women could not vote in the early-nineteenth-century United States, they did circulate petitions, march in parades, and deliver public lectures on a variety of topics.
True
The region of the United States that came to be known as the "burned-over district" as a consequence of the many religious revivals that flourished there in the early nineteenth century was:
Upstate New York and northern Ohio.
Which is not part of the generally accepted account of the 1822 conspiracy led by Denmark Vesey?
Vesey and his followers killed or maimed 37 whites.
The Liberator, the abolitionist journal, was published in Boston in 1831 by:
William Lloyd Garrison.
Which of the following was not a distinguishing feature of the new abolitionism of the 1830s?
a conviction that if abolition was not soon achieved by "moral suasion," then violent measures would become necessary
The American Colonization Society called for:
a gradual end to slavery and the resettlement of blacks outside the United States.
Which of the following was not a feature of slave culture?
a notable indifference to gender roles
Which of the following was not true of race relations within the abolitionist movement?
a spirit of courage and defiance in the face of broad, often violent hostility
The nineteenth-century view that there should be an immediate end to slavery and incorporation of freed persons into the republic as equal citizens is called:
abolitionism.
The Liberty Bell took on its name—previously it had been known as the Old State House Bell—after:
abolitionists adopted it as a symbol of their cause for abolishing slavery.
John C. Calhoun of South Carolina considered "the most false and dangerous of all political errors," the view that:
all men are created equal and entitled to liberty.
Slaves made up a significant portion of the Old South's:
all of the above.
At Oneida, founded in 1848 in New York State, John Humphrey Noyes did away with private property and developed the idea of "complex marriage." "Complex marriage" at Oneida meant:
any man and any woman could have sexual relations at any time so long as the relationship was mutual and was recorded in a public record book.
As acts of self-empowerment, enslaved individuals often:
broke tools.
Which was not a job slaves occupied?
businessman
By 1860, more than half of the United States' exports were in:
cotton.
Which of the following was not a frequent mode of slave resistance?
deadly assaults on slaveholders
"Slave patrols" were:
farmers who kept a lookout for runaway slaves.
Dorothea Dix, a Massachusetts school teacher, was the leading proponent of:
more humane treatment of the insane.
The 1836 "gag rule":
prohibited consideration of petitions calling for emancipation in the House of Representatives.
The richly diverse voluntary associations that developed in early-nineteenth-century United States included all of the following except societies to:
shorten the hours of labor for farmers to eight in a day.
In 1860, the largest economic investment in the United States was in:
slaves.
"Perfectionism" was (is) the view that:
social ills once considered unable to be cured could be eradicated.
Which was not a movement Abby Kelley was associated with?
tariff reform
Labor on rice plantations in South Carolina and Georgia was generally done by:
task labor.
Cotton was "king" during the first half of the nineteenth century. Three-fourths of the world's supply came from the United States, and textile manufacturers in New England, Great Britain, France, and Russia depended on the American cotton supply. Define "textile."
woven cloth