Ch 11 D&W+ Skill Building: Diabetes Exchanges

Last year Sue was admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a severe condition that results in electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and the production of dangerous ketoacids. Since then Sue's parents carefully watch her fluid intake as dehydration may be a symptom of DKA. How many more cups of water per day does Sue need to meet her fluid needs? (Hint: 1 g water = 1 ml water and there are 237 mls in 1 cup of water.)

About 2 ½ more cups

Sue has type 1 diabetes, meaning she does not produce any insulin. Her parents give her 1 unit of insulin for every 15 grams of carbohydrate they feed her. Just before her afternoon snack of Cereal, Granola, Prepared (0.25 cups), using the Source Analysis: Carbohydrate report how many units of insulin should they prepare to inject?

1 unit

Sue's parents are concerned because their daughter is somewhat picky about which foods she eats. They often worry about whether she is getting enough vitamins and if she might need a supplement. Sue's diet is low in vitamin D and so they are looking at having her take a vitamin D supplement. What percent of her vitamin D intake is she eating?

24%

Sue is a 4-year-old girl who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes when she was 1. Her parents have learned that spacing out Sue's carbohydrates throughout the day helps to keep her blood sugar levels stable. Each meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) provides roughly how many grams carbohydrate per meal?

30 grams carbohydrate per meal

Children 4-18 years old, regardless of whether they have diabetes or not, should have 25-35% of their calories coming from fat. What percent of calories in this one-day menu come from total fat?

35.14% calories from fat

The carbohydrate recommendation for people who have diabetes is the same as it is for people without diabetes: 45-65% of total calories should come from carbohydrate. What percent of calories in this menu come from carbohydrate?

49% of calories from carbohydrate

The exchange system is one approach to meal planning for people with diabetes. The exchange system works by grouping foods into lists or exchange groups with other foods of similar carbohydrate and calorie content. Which exchange group did Sue eat the greatest number of total exchanges from in this one day menu?

Bread or Starch

One of Sue's mom's friends said she heard people with diabetes should not have fruit because it contains sugar. Sue's mom informed her that fruit is a very good carbohydrate source for people with diabetes because although it contains the natural fruit sugar fructose, it is also a good source of other nutrients and fiber. Fiber helps stabilize blood sugar. How does Sue's daily fiber intake compare to her goal?

She ate 52% of her recommended fiber.

Whereas the majority of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese, people with type 1 diabetes tend to be normal weight or may be even be underweight. As she is growing, Sue's parents carefully watch her weight gain patterns and calorie intake to make sure Sue is progressing at the proper rate. How does Sue's daily caloric intake on this one day compare to her calorie goals?

She is eating less calories than she needs.

As Sue ages, if she can keep her blood sugar well-controlled, she will have a lower risk of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. Although she is young, maintaining a diet low in saturated and Trans fat will further help to reduce heart disease risk. Which statement about the Trans fat content of this one-day menu is correct?

She is eating less than 1 gram of Trans fatty acids.