CH 11 HW

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of hemostasis and clot removal: 1. coagulation phase 2. fibrinolysis 3. vascular phase 4. retraction 5. platelet phase The correct sequence of these steps is

3, 5, 1, 4, 2.

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced.

Anemia

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A serum and anti-Rh serum, but not with the anti-B serum. This means

Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies.

As blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs?

Hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen.

Without mitochondria, RBCs are relatively inefficient in terms of energy production. However, there is an advantage to RBC function. What is this advantage?

It ensures that any oxygen the RBCs absorb will be delivered to peripheral tissues.

Platelets

are a major component of the vascular clotting system.

Agglutinins

are antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBCs of a different blood type.

Which of the following begins with the activation of plasminogen?

fibrinolysis

When foreign cells invade the body, one would most likely expect to see increased numbers of

lymphocytes

The term ________ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements together.

whole blood

The average life span of a red blood cell is about

4 months.

________ directly stimulates red blood cell production.

EPO

________ are the most abundant cell population of the formed elements of blood.

Erythrocytes

The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join at the common pathway through the activation of which clotting substance produced by the liver?

Factor X

What is a benefit of a vascular spasm at the onset of hemostasis?

a reduction in blood loss

The function of hemoglobin is to

bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A drifting blood clot, air bubble, or fat globule is called

embolus

The primary function of white blood cells is to

help defend the body against pathogens.

The percentage of whole blood volume occupied by formed elements is called

hematocrit.

Red blood cells result from the divisions of cells called

hemocytoblasts.

During fibrinolysis, which enzyme begins digesting the fibrin strands, breaking down the clot?

plasmin

A person's blood type is determined by the

presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane.

In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the

red bone marrow.

The common pathway of coagulation ends with

the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

Which cell population of WBCs migrate to sites of injury and cross the capillary wall to accumulate within damaged tissues, where they discharge their granules into the interstitial fluids?

basophils

________ is the characteristic of WBCs that allow them to enter surrounding tissue by squeezing between adjacent epithelial cells in the capillary wall.

Diapedesis

Formation of red blood cells is called

erythropoiesis.

Which organ synthesizes more than 90 percent of plasma proteins?

liver

The white blood cells that are important in leaving the blood vessels and phagocytizing large materials, releasing chemicals that draw fibroblasts to the injured areas, are

monocytes.

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation?

myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC

The most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the

neutrophil.

Pus associated with infected wounds contains which type of white blood cell?

neutrophils

As repairs proceed, a blood clot gradually dissolves in a process that begins with the activation of

plasminogen

Which disease is characterized by defective hemoglobin that results from a mutation affecting the amino acid sequence of one pair of the globular proteins of the hemoglobin molecule resulting in stiff, markedly curved red blood cells?

sickle cell anemia

Calcium ions and ________ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process.

vitamin K