CH. 11
A critical concern for the food packaging industry is the elimination of endospores of A. Clostridium botulinum B. Escherichia coli C. the AIDs virus D. Bacillus anthracis
A
All of the following describe the typical microbial population targeted by antimicrobial drugs EXCEPT: A. Uniform populations of like microbes B. Complex mixtures of types of microbes C. Microbes with variable resistance D. Microbes with variable pathogenic capabilities
A
Match each medical device with its classification: dental mirror A. semicritical B. noncritical C. critical
A
Sterilization of the skin: A. is highly dangerous and impractical B. is easily done C. is hard to do but not dangerous
A
____________ is the physical removal of surface oils, debris, and soil from skin to reduce the microbial load. A. degermination B. sterilization C. disinfection D. sanitization E. decontamination
A
Nucleic acids play which role(s) in microbial function? Select all that apply A. They must be replicated prior to binary fission B. They drive the production of proteins C. They speed up the rate of metabolism D. They protect the cell from foreign chemicals
A, B
Which items can be sanitized by boiling water prior to safe, acceptable use? Select all that apply A. utensils B. drinking water C. surgical instruments D. bedding and clothing
A, B, D
Which 3 are examples of using moist heat to sterilize or disinfect materials? A. autoclaving B. boiling C. incineration D. hot air oven E. pasteurization
A, B, E
The microbial agents that are least resistant to physical and chemical control methods include: Select all that apply. A. enveloped viruses B. bacterial endospores C. bacterial vegetative cells D. protozoan cysts
A, C
What are the effects of adding pressure to water in an autoclave? A, increases temperature of steam B. decrease boiling point of water C. increases boiling of water D. directly kills microbes
A, C
Which levels of protein structure are disrupted in denaturation? A. secondary B. primary C. tertiary
A, C
Which of the following are not destroyed with regular pasteurization methods? A. endospores B. vegetative bacteria C. vegetative fungi D. thermoduric microbes E. viruses
A, D
Which two statements regarding cell death rates are correct? Multiple select question. A. A population of microbes will die at different rates when an antimicrobial agent is applied. B. A population of microbes will die simultaneously when an antimicrobial agent is applied. C. Bacterial death occurs in a linear manner. D. Bacterial death occurs in a logarithmic manner.
A, D
Which of the following are not usually destroyed o inactivated with regular pasteurization methods? A. thermophilic microbes B. vegetative bacteria C. vegetative fungi D. viruses
A, E
Which two of the following compounds are typical examples of sanitizers? Select all that apply A. Detergent B. Phenol C. Iodine D. Hydrogen peroxide E. Soap
A, E
An endoscopy tube is an example of a ______ device in terms of microbial control. A. noncritical B. semicritical C. critical
B
Match each medical device with its classification: blood pressure cuff A. semicritical B. noncritical C. critical
B
Why do younger, active cells die more quickly when exposed to microbicidal agents? A. They are weaker and less mature. B. They are more metabolically active. C. They are more numerous in number. D. They have greater oxygen requirements.
B
Incineration is a good method of microbial control in which two instances listed? A. preserving dried herbs and spices B. disposal of diseased animal carcasses C. flaming the loop in a microbiology laboratory D. decontaminating used syringe needles
B, C
Which of the following microbial forms are relatively resistant to heat? Select all that apply A. fungi B. endospores C. viruses D. vegetative cells
B, C
The primary targets of microbial control are microorganisms that cause _________ or __________ A. antibiotic production B. food spoilage C. microbial antagonism D. disease
B, D
Match each medical device with its classification: syringe needle A. semicritical B. noncritical C. critical
C
Metallic ions have which effect on proteins? A. denature B. hydrolyze to amino acids C. bind to the active site
C
Sterilization methods are usually reserved for A. food utensils B. living tissue C. inanimate objects
C
Which microbial agent is the most resistant to physical and chemical control methods? A. Fungal spores B. Mycobacterium cells C. Bacterial endospores D. Protozoan cysts
C
______ is the destruction of most microbes using chemicals on a living surface such as the skin. A. disinfection B. antisepsis C. decontamination D. sterilization
C
zWhich of the following is the practical definition of microbial death? A. Loss of motility B. Altered appearance of cells C. Inability to reproduce D. Altered virulence of cells
C
Sterilization is: Select all that apply A. Possible for inanimate and animate objects B. Always necessary when spores are involved C. Generally reserved for inanimate objects D. Only necessary for certain groups of microbes
C, D
Which two statements regarding practical concerns in microbial control are correct? A. Disposable plastic items like syringes can simply be discarded after use. B. Heat is the best method for sterilizing disposable plastic items like syringes. C. Disposable plastic items should never be reused, even if it can be simply wiped with alcohol. D. Disposable plastic items like syringes must be sterilized when manufactured.
C, D
______ is a decontamination technique that mechanically removes microorganisms and debris from inanimate objects such as utensils to reduce contamination to safe levels. A. sterilization B. antisepsis C. disinfection D. sanitization
D
_________are chemical agents applied directly to body surfaces to inhibit vegetative pathogens.
antiseptics
A ________ is an agent that disrupts the lipid bilayer of membranes and alters the membrane's permeability.
detergent
Examples of ______________ include immersing thermometers in an iodine solution between uses.
disinfection
The goal of regular pasteurization methods is the _________ of the liquid.
disinfection
T/F: A process that completely removes or destroys all viable microorganisms, including viruses, from an object or habitat is referred to as disinfection.
false
T/F: The characteristics of a microbial population targeted for control do not include microbes with variable resistance.
false
Prions are very resistant to chemicals and inactivation by ______________, including autoclaving.
heat
If an agent disrupts the cell wall, the cell is likely to experience death by _____
lysis
Regarding the use of the terms microbicidal and microbistatic, higher temperatures are usually ____________, whereas lower temperatures are usually ___________
microbicidal; microbistatic
Any process or agent that inhibits microbial growth is referred to as ___________
microbistatic
The main effects of antimicrobial agents in DNA are permanent ____________ and the prevention of _____________
mutation; replication
The heat treatment of perishable liquids to destroy heat-sensitive vegetative cells and prevent infection and spoilage is called _____________
pasteurization
_____________ methods for controlling microorganisms include heat, pressure, and radiation.
physical
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
selective barrier
__________ is defined as growth of microorganisms in the blood or other tissues.
sepsis
An object is ___________if it is free of all viable microorganisms including viruses.
sterile
___________ is a technique in which heat is applied to liquid to kill potential agents of infection and spoilage.
sterilization
_________ is the destruction of all microbial life, whereas ____________ destroys most microbial life, thus reducing contamination on inanimate surfaces.
sterilization; disinfection
T/F: An autoclave is a sterilization chamber that allows the use of steam under pressure to sterilize materials
true
T/F: The primary targets of microbial control are microorganisms that cause infection or spoilage.
true
T/F:Surgical handscrubbing is an example of degermation.
true