ch. 11 nucleic acid structure and DNA replication

DNA specimen with 30% guanine has

20% thymine

complement to DNA strand 5'-ATTCGGTGA-3'

3'-TAAGCCACT-5'

who discovered that DNA was the genetic material or transforming factor that could convert nonvirulent r-type streptococcus bacterium into the virulent s-type?

Avery, Macleod, and Mccarthy

which of the following would represent the "transformation principal" first proposed by Griffin through is studies on streptococcus bacterium?

DNA

molecule responsible for separating double stranded DNA into single strands

DNA helicase

not critical for DNA replication of the leading strand

DNA ligase

which does not belong: replication fork, single-stranded binding proteins, DNA ligase, topoisomerase, helicase

DNA ligase

protein not important for separating the DNA strands and allowing movement of the replication fork during DNA replication

DNA polymerase

produces short sequences of RNA, which allows polymerase to synthesize a new strand of DNA

DNA primase

functions of DNA polymerase

DNA synthesis, DNA proofreading, and removes RNA primers and fills in the gaps

most complex structure for genetic material

chromosome

pyrimidines

cytosine, thymine, uracil

a strand of DNA is composed of nucleotide bases, sulfate groups and sugars

false

if the sequence for one strand of DNA is 3'-TCGATT-5' then its complementary stand would have a sequence of 3'-AGCTAA-5'

false

if there is 28% adenine then there must be 28% cytosine for the DNA composition of a particular organism

false

studies by avery, macleod, and mccarthy with different strains of bacteria and those by hershey and chase with T2 bacteriophage determined that proteins are highly complex molecules that form the genetic material for bacteria and viruses

false

mismatched scientist-discovery

griffith-chromosomes

purine base forming 3 hydrogen bonds when binding to its complementary base

guanine

purines

guanine, thymine

where would one detect most of the DNA if a T2 bacteriophage were allowed to infect the bacteria?

inside the infected bacterium

incorrect statement about DNA replication

it is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP

molecule catalyzes covalent bond formation between fragments of DNA

ligase

where would one expect to find the most telomerase

male germ cells that give rise to gametes

simplest to most complex

nucleotide, DNA, gene, chromosome, genome

building blocks of dna

nucleotides

made in replication the lagging strand of DNA unlike the leading strand

okazaki fragments

DNA from bacteria grown in heavy medium and light medium and allowed to replicate for ONE generation are centrifuged to yield what type of gradient band(s)

one half-heavy (intermediate to heavy and light) band

DNA from bacteria grown in heavy medium and light medium and allowed to replicate for TWO generations are centrifuged to yield what type of gradient band(s)

one light and one half-heavy band

nucleotides of DNA are composed of

phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base

DNA nucleotides combine to form what type of bond

phosphodiester

mechanism of DNA replication is

semiconservative

attaches DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes

telomerase

incorrect statement about telomeres

telomeres would predominate more in cells of older than younger individuals

false statement about the structure and composition of DNA

the amount of thymine closely approximates that of guanine within a particular organism

which of the following is not a criterion for an organism's genetic material?

the genetic material must be dynamic, changing rapidly in response to changes in the environment

type s is lethal, nonlethal if heat inactivated. type r is nonvirulent. what would occur if r strain and killed s strain are injected into a host organism?

the r strain would be transformed into the virulent s strain and kill the host

why is there a need for okazaki fragments on lagging strand but not leading strand of DNA

the two parental strands of DNA are antiparellel and DNA polymerase makes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction only

mismatched protein-function

topoisomerase-separates double-stranded DNA into single strands

DNA helicase and topoisomerase are similar insofar as they promote the unwinding and coiling of DNA

true

DNA is a double helix structure whose stands are held together by hydrogen bonds with A to T and C to G base pairing

true

okazaki fragments are sequences of DNA most often found on the lagging strand of DNA during DNA replication

true

sulfur would be a better isotope than phosphate to track DNA synthesis

true

the progressive shortening of telomeres in DNA correlates with cell senescence

true

when considering the complexity of genetic material, multiple genes are found within a chromosome

true

one of the most critical pieces of evidence to the discovery of DNA structure (double helix)

x-ray diffraction pattern suggesting a double helix shape

how many replication forks at replication origin

2

what DNA sequence is produced from RNA sequence AUUGACGGU

TAACTGCCA

organism with the fewest origins of replications per cell

a rapidly dividing streptococcus

DNA polymerase

an enzyme that requires the presence of a double stranded nucleic acid primer to catalyze the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand

false when comparing DNA and RNA

both are composed of identical nucleotides

true relationship about nucleotide composition of DNA?

c+a=g+t