Ch. 12- The Evolution of Social Behavior

What is a theoretical model of a type of allele for altruistic behavior that could spread through a population via recognition of similar traits, without the involvement of kin selection or reciprocal altruism? A. greenbeard effect B. indirect fitness C. inclusive fitness D. direct fitness E. eusociality F. kin selection

A

What is behavior that is beneficial to the actor, and costly to the recipient? A. selfish behavior B. cooperative behavior C. altruistic behavior D. spiteful behavior

A

Which of the following statements describe a "greenbeard" allele? A. A theoretical evolutionary mechanism proposed by Richard Dawkins that may occur in slime molds. B. A theoretical evolutionary mechanism that could drive an allele for altruism to high frequency without the involvement of organism-level kin selection or reciprocal altruism. C. An allele that causes development of a trait, recognition of the trait in others, and encourages the evolution (at other loci) of altruistic behavior. D. An altruistic allele discovered by Richard Dawkins that causes cells to form green fruiting bodies ("beards") in Dictyostelium slime molds. E. An allele that causes development of a trait, recognition of the trait in others, and altruistic behavior toward others that carry the trait.

A, B, and E

What is behavior that is beneficial to both actor and recipient? A. selfish behavior B. cooperative behavior C. altruistic behavior D. spiteful behavior

B

What is fitness resulting from reproduction of kin? A. greenbeard effect B. indirect fitness C. inclusive fitness D. direct fitness E. eusociality F. kin selection

B

All of the following describe real experimental results. However, one does not support the predictions of Hamilton's rule. Which one? A. Prairie dogs are more likely to give alarm calls to a simulated badger attack if they have kin living nearby. B. Coots have evolved discriminatory mechanisms to detect and reject eggs that are not their own. C. Twenty percent of "in-law" bee-eaters that are not related to other birds at the nest will help raise the young anyway. D. Wood mouse sperm will sacrifice themselves to assist a "sibling" sperm to fertilize an egg.

C

What is behavior that is costly to the actor, and beneficial to the recipient? A. selfish behavior B. cooperative behavior C. altruistic behavior D. spiteful behavior

C

What is total reproductive success of an individual, including reproduction by the individual and also reproduction by related kin? A. greenbeard effect B. indirect fitness C. inclusive fitness D. direct fitness E. eusociality F. kin selection

C

Which of the following correctly complete the statement, "Reciprocal altruism directed toward non-kin may evolve when _______________"? A. punishment is rare B. the cost to the actor is only slightly higher than the benefit to the recipient C. individuals can recognize and remember other individuals D. individuals that do not reciprocate are not remembered E. opportunities to offer altruism are rare

C

Heinsohn and Packer found that territory defense in female African lions defied the simple predictions of both reciprocity and kin selection theory based on which of the following? A. The willingness of pride females to assist the "leader" in pride defense was independent of the degree of relatedness to other pride members. B. Some females always led and some always lagged in defense. Although the behavior of leading females suggested that they recognized the laggards, they did nothing to threaten laggards or to withhold benefits. C. Some females adopted a conditional strategy, helping immediately in some cases and lagging in other cases. D. The first two choices are correct.

D

What is behavior that is costly to both actor and recipient? A. selfish behavior B. cooperative behavior C. altruistic behavior D. spiteful behavior

D

What is fitness resulting from personal reproduction? A. greenbeard effect B. indirect fitness C. inclusive fitness D. direct fitness E. eusociality F. kin selection

D

What is a social system involving overlap in generations, cooperative care of young, and nonreproductive individuals? A. greenbeard effect B. indirect fitness C. inclusive fitness D. direct fitness E. eusociality F. kin selection

E

What is natural selection that favors the spread of alleles that increase reproduction by related individuals? A. greenbeard effect B. indirect fitness C. inclusive fitness D. direct fitness E. eusociality F. kin selection

F