ch 13 earth science

The San Andreas system in California is an example of a A) strike-slip fault. B) transform fault. C) right-lateral motion. D) All of these are correct

D) All of these are correct

a hypsographic curve is a graph that shows the earth's surface by area and elevation in relation to sea level. T/F

True

a residual "synclinal ridge" may form within a trough of a fold. T/F

True

orogeny means mountain generating. T/F

True

the mean level is at 0m. T/F

True

Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is exposed above sea level? A) 18 percent B) 29 percent C) 49 percent D) 62 percent

B) 29 percent

a _________, or heartland region, is an old and stable part of the continental crust.

craton

the combination effects of _________ (powered by internal energy) and ____________ (powered by the sun thru motion of air, water, and ice) create earth's continental crust.

tectonic activity; weathering and erosion

list three types of stress _______, _________, ________

tension, compression, shear

The area at the surface directly above the subsurface location where seismic waves are initiated is termed the A) epicenter. B) fault area. C) Richter zone. D) focus

A) epicenter.

People often say that California is going to "fall into the ocean,". This idea is totally wrong because the San Andreas fault would have to be a __________ fault associated with __________ forces for this to happen. A) normal; tension B) normal; compression C) reverse; tension D) reverse; compression

A) normal; tension

vertical elevation differences in a local landscape are referred to as A) relief B) an order of relief C) topography D) crust

A) relief

Normal faults are associated with A) tension forces. B) compressional forces. C) plate convergence. D) transcurrent forces

A) tension forces.

The most active tectonic regions of North and South America are on the A) western coasts. B) eastern coasts. C) southern coasts. D) mid-continent.

A) western coasts.

When rock strata are strained beyond their ability to remain an intact unit, displacement occurs in a process known as A) folding. B) faulting. C) broad warping. D) stressing

B) faulting.

Volcanic activity located away fromplate boundaries is associated with A) subduction and melting of plates along collision zones. B) hot spots. C) rift zones. D) all of the above

B) hot spots.

An instrument used to record vibrations in the crust is the A) land barometer. B) seismograph. C) the Richter scale. D) tiltmeter.

B) seismograph.

which of the following is true of the earthquake in the liaoning province of ne china on february 4, 1975? A) hundreds of thousands were killed B) the quake was succesfully forecasted and 3 million people were evacuated C) there were virtually no precursors or symptoms that an earthquake was coming D) an earthquake prediction was disastruously incorrect

B) the quake was succesfully forecasted and 3 million people were evacuated

folded layers of rock can form a wavelike pattern of troughs and crests. The layers near the crest form A) a syncline. B) a tension zone. C) an anticline. D) a thrust fault

C) an anticline.

compared to oceanic crust, continental crust is A) denser B) usually formed with less than 50% silica and is rich in iron and magnesium C) generally more complex on content and structure D) essentially composed of basalt

C) generally more complex on content and structure

The most detailed order of relief applies to ________ order relief features. A) first B) second C) third D) none of the above

C) third

rocks are subjected to stress due to ________ A) tectonic forces B) gravity C) pressure from overlaying rocks D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Which of the following is an example of a first order of relief? A) the Alps and Rockies B) the Tibetan Plateau C) the Shenandoah Valley D) an ocean basin

D) an ocean basin

the motion of seismic waves is initiated in a subsurface location along the fault plane called the A) epicenter. B) fault area. C) Richter zone. D) focus or hypocenter

D) focus or hypocenter

which of the following is incorrectly matched? A) strain-stress-induced B) compression-shortening or folding C) tension- stretching or faulting D) shearing- stretching

D) shearing- stretching

if you were paranoid of earthquakes, which of the following area would be the safest to live? A) convergent plate boundary B) divergent plate boundary C) island arc along a subduction zone D) shield

D) shield

the moment magnitude scale is based on energy released and is less accurate than richter's scale wihch is based on the amplitude of seismic waves. T/F

False

list four earth's continental shields: _______, _______, ________, _________.

canadian shield, african shield, brazilian shield, indian shield

list four volcanic activity zones ________, ________, ________, ________.

continental rift valley; oceanic-continental plate convergent boundary; sea-floor spreading center; oceanic-oceanic plate convergent boundary

list three types of orogenesis: __________, ___________, ___________.

oceanic-continental collision, oceanic-oceanic collision, continental-continental collision

list two types of scale to rate earthquakes _________ and ________.

richer's scale, moment magnitude scale

a continental __________ is a region with a craton is exposed at the surface.

shield