CH 14 CIRCULATION & BP

Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)

(CHP+IFCOP) - (IFHP+BCOP)

Systolic BP average

120 mmHg

Your systolic blood pressure is 118 mm Hg and your diastolic blood pressure is 76 mm Hg. What is your pulse pressure?

42

Diastolic BP avg

80 mmHg

lubb

AV valves close

Sort these vessel types in the order of blood flow, starting with those that first carry blood away from the heart and finishing with those that eventually return blood to the heart.

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins

force exerted onto a given area of the vessel wall by the blood contained within it (mmHg)

BP/P

Vol of blood moving through vessel, tissue, organ, ear entire circulation per unit time

Blood Flow (F)

Mean Arterial Pressure

DBP + PP/3

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

DBP + PP/3

Poiseullies law equation

Delta P = 8nLF/pi r^4

Method of BP control causing vasoconstriction with ADH, Thromboxane & Seratonin, Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

Endocrine Factors

If the radius of a blood vessel were to increase, what would happen to the vessel's resistance?

It would decrease

short term endocrine control of BP occurs via the ______ ________ _________ and by the release of __________ and __________

Renin- Angiotensin- aldosterone pathway and release of epinephrine & norepinepthin

Which of the following statements regarding resistance to blood flow is correct?

Resistance to flow increases with increased blood viscosity.

Pulse pressure equation

SBP-DBP , avg 40 mmHg

Capillaries

Smallest blood vessels, site of gas & nutrient exchange, only tunica intimate, permeable

Match each layer of the blood vessel wall to a description of its tissue content. Tunica Media

Smooth Muscles & elastic connective tissue

largest arterioles

Still contain all three tunics Resemble small muscular arteries

T/F Increasing total peripheral resistance (TPR) leads to an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP)

True

elasticity

ability of BV to expand & recoil

varicose veins

abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs

metabolic response

adjust blood flow based on specific demands of local tissue

pulmonary circulation

arteries carry deoxygenated blood, veins carry oxygenated blood

systemic circulation

arteries carry oxygenated blood, vessels carry deoxygenated blood

resistance vessels

arterioles that change their diameter to allow more or less blood flow

3 variables influencing resistance

blood viscosity, vessel length, vessel radius

Increasing either ____ _____ or _____ ____ increases blood pressure

cardiac output, peripheral blood pressure

Method of BP control that monitors O2, CO2, H+ contents of blood, changes CO & BP to meet different metabolic needs of body

chemoreceptors

Which of the following is an accurate description of the tunica media? Select all that apply.

circularly arranged smooth muscle cells

blood vessels exhibit ________ (ability to change structure in response to changes in pressure)

compliance

tunica externa

connective tissue stabilizing blood vessels

Which capillary type is the most common and is found in the most locations?

continuous

types of capillaries

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids

Muscular Pump assists venous return during

contraction

Poiseuille's law shows that the flow of blood through a vessel is ______.

decreased if the resistance is increased

Blood flow equation

delta P/R

Peripheral resistance is ______. Select all that apply.

directly proportionate to blood viscosity and vessel length

The only structure not in common in arteries and veins

elastic lamina

fenustrated capillaries

endothelial cells with pores, more readily allows passage of fluid & large molecules, intestine & endocrine molecules

tiniest arterioles

endothelium surrounded by 1-2 fiber layers of smooth muscle

arteriosclerosis

hardening of the arteries

Cardiac output equation

heart rate x stroke volume

artery properties

high pressure small lumen thick walls branch into capillaries

veins have _____ compliance but ______ elasticity

high, low

Method of BP control consisting of the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus to relay info, communicate with limbic system, and cause physical manifestation of emotions

higher brain centers

tunica intima

innermost, endothelium, runs uninterrupted through entire cardiovascular system

The respiratory pump assists venous return during

inspiration

Velocity fo BF and total cross sectional area of a vascular bed are ________ related

inversely

Flow is normally ____ but abrupt changes in diameter can lead to _____ flow, increasing resistance

laminar, turbulent

sinusoidal capillaries

large fenestrations, discontinuous basement membrane, entire cells move through barrier, high permeability, liver

Elastic arteries (conducting arteries)

large lumen, large blood volume, ex. Aorta

__________ lumens ofer _______ resistance to blood flow

larger, less

Muscular arteries (distributing arteries)

largest tunica media, great ability to vasoconstriction, branch extensively

arteries have ____ compliance but _____ elasticity

low, high

Veins experience much ___ pressure than arteries.

lower

Excessive interstitial fluid enters blind-ended lymphatic capillaries because ______.

lymphatic capillaries are at a lower fluid pressure than the interstitial space

turbulent flow

mixing of blood at different speeds

continuous capillaries

most common, no pores, exchange through intercellular clefts & pinocytic vessels, glucose, gas , water transport

Which type of arteries are often referred to as distributing arteries?

muscular arteries

Two types of pumps assisting with venous return

muscular, respiratory

myogenic response

occur reflexively within smooth muscle of tunica media

Internal/External elastic Lamina

present only in arteries

Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (IFCOP)

pressure exerted by proteins in interstitial fluid

blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)

pressure opposing filtration

interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)

pressure opposing filtration

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood? Select all that apply.

pulmonary veins, systemic arteries

Diameter of artieries

regulate blood flow into capillary beds

Friction encountered by. blood opposing its flow

resistance

dubb

semilunar valves closing

Match each layer of the blood vessel wall to a description of its tissue content. Tunica Intima

simple squamous endothelium

venules

small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins

Arterioles

smallest arteries

Tunica Media

smooth muscle for vasoconstriction

percentage of total blood volume it contains at rest for circulatory structures from greatest to lowest

systemic veins (64%), Systemic arteries (13%), Pulmonary circulation (9%), systemic capillaries (7%), heart (7%)

order of % of total blood volume from greatest to lowest

systemic veins, systemic arteries, pulmonary circulation, heart, capillaries

capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)

the pressure exerted by blood against the wall of a capillary

forces impeding BF throughout circulation mainly due to veins

total peripheral resistance

Arrange the layers of a blood vessel wall, from superficial to deep.

tunica externa, media, intima

Veins contain _____________________ to prevent backflow of blood

valves

What is the name given to the network of smaller blood vessels providing nutrition to the walls of larger blood vessels?

vasa vasorum

Look closely at Poiseuille's equation. If the viscosity (thickness) of a fluid moving through a tube were to decrease, what would happen to the value of ΔP?

ΔP would decrease.