Ch. 15 Anus, rectum, and prostate

Side-lying position

If only the rectum is being examined what position is preferred to view the perianal and sacrococcygeal areas?

Cancer

In a male prostate examination finding you might find that it is hard, irregular nodule that may extend beyond the gland

Prostatitis

In a male prostate examination if he presents with a fever, urinary tract symptoms, low back pain; on palpation it is swollen, "boggy", and warm this may be an indication for what?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia/ hypertrophy

In a male prostate examination this is a nonmalignant enlargement, increases with age; may be irritative, obstructive, or both; on palpation normal size or slightly enlarged, smooth, firm though slightly elastic.

the uterine cervix

In the female what is usually palpable through the anterior wall of the rectum?

A: Firm -Normal prostate is rubbery

Q: A 65 year old male presents to clinic for a routine examination. The following is the documentation of his prostate examination. Which statement would be of concern? A: Firm B: Hear shaped C: 2.5 cm Long D: Median sulcus palpable

B: Perianal fissure

Q: A female patient may remain in a lateral position for examination of which of the following? A: adnexal mass B: perianal fissure C: integrity of the rectovaginal wall D: Pelvic mass

age (50+), ethnicity, and family history (although a series of studies have suggested an association between intake of dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer)

What are the primary risk factors of prostate cancer?

Voluntary external anal sphincter Involuntary internal anal sphincter

What are the two muscles that normally hold the anal canal closed and are they voluntary or involuntary?

GI (gastrointestinal) GU (genitourinary)

What are the two system related to anorectal area?

rubbery and nontender

What does a normal prostate feel like?

Lies on a line roughly between the anus and umbilicus

What is the angle of the anal canal?

anorectal junction (often called the pectinate or dentate line)

What is the boundary between somatic and visceral nerve supply?

Prostate cancer

What is the leading cancer diagnosed in men in the US and the 3rd leading cause of death?

The rectum and testing the integrity of the rectovaginal wall: It may also help to palpate a cancer high in the rectum

What is the lithotomy position preferred for examination of?

Anal fissure

What is the term of an anorectal finding of a linear crack or tear?

Anal abscess

What is the term of an anorectal finding of a red, tender, purulent mass accompanies by fever?

Anorectal fistula

What is the term of an anorectal finding of a tunnel leading from the anus or rectum, may ooze blood or pus?

Hemorrhoid

What is the term of an anorectal finding of an engorged rectal vein?

Pilonidal Sinus

What is the term of an anorectal finding of sacrococcygeal hair tract?

anal canal

Where does the gastrointestinal tract terminate at a short segment?

Lies against eh anterior rectal wall -It is rounded, heart shaped, and normally 2.5 cm long -only lateral lobes and median sulcus are palpable

Where is the male prostate gland and what are the normal characteristics of it?

Somatic sensory nerves

the anal canal is liberally supplied by which nerves/ nervous system?