ch. 15- Darwin and Evolution

Which of the following misconceptions about evolution can be refuted with the molecular evidence that is being collected through DNA analysis?

Evolution proposes life changed as a result of random events; traits are too complex to have originated by chance alone

Which of the following observations were made during Darwin's journey aboard the Beagle that led him to believe in evolution?

Geological formations and species variations

Cutting off the tails of mice over several generations should cause the tails of their offspring to become shorter, according to the ideas of which of these scientists?

Lamarck

Which of the following is/are true about natural selection?

On average, it favors the survival of more young with adaptive characteristics.

What was Darwin's main purpose during his time aboard the H.M.S. Beagle?

To serve as the ship's naturalist

Over many generations man has chosen certain desirable characteristics in dogs by allowing dogs possessing those characteristics to reproduce. In this way, 150 breeds of dogs, all in the same species, have descended from wolves. This process is referred to as

artificial selection

Which of the following is an example of evolution that can be observed and studied?

bacterial resistance to antibiotics, resistance of weeds to select herbicides, resistance of HIV to drug treatment

Fossils like Archaeopteryx offer evidence linking

birds and reptiles

Homologous structures such as the bones in wings, flippers, and arms would be studied in the field of

comparative anatomy

Darwin's theory of natural selection to explain evolution is also known

descent with modification.

Analogous structures serve the same function, are similarly constructed and are inherited from a common ancestor.

false

The oldest mammals were large, dinosaur-like creatures that flourished over 600 million years ago.

false

Darwin's opinion that living forms must be descended from extinct forms was based on ________ evidence.

fossil

Two fossilized remains are found and scientists assume the two organisms are different but related. Which of the following would determine the relatedness of these two organisms?

homologous structures, vestigial structures, biogeography

A population must have ______ for natural selection to occur.

inheritable variation

Darwin observed that

members of a population vary in their functional, physical and behavioral characteristics, there is a constant struggle for survival of organisms, organisms in a normal population differ in reproductive success.

When previous adaptations in a species are no longer useful in a changed environment,

selection of a different form occurs.

All of the following are examples of natural selection EXCEPT

the 150 breeds of dogs developed from ancestral wolves

Birds and insects both have wings, but we do not consider this similarity as evidence of relatedness because

the wings are not homologous structures with a common ancestral origin.

Marsupials are more numerous in Australia than South America because of less competition with placental mammals.

true