Ch. 15 Infection

Interventions to prevent health care-associated infections include (select all that apply) a. following hand-washing protocols. b. limiting visitors to persons over age 18. c. giving all patients prophylactic antibiotics. d. placing all patients on contact precautions. e. decontaminating equipment used for patient care.

a. following hand-washing protocols e. decontaminating equipment used for patient care

Factors associated with an increase in reemerging infections include (select all that apply) a. international travel. b. poor immunization rates. c. poor sanitation standards. d. not completing a full course of antibiotics. e. correct use of personal protective equipment.

a. international travel b. poor immunization c. poor sanitation standards d. not completing a full course of antibiotics

The patient asks the nurse why they need viral load testing. The nurse responds that an undetectable HIV viral load (select all that apply) a. is the goal of HIV therapy. b. occurs with drug resistance. c. is a sign of disease progression. d. means that person is cured of HIV. e. means that someone is unable to sexually transmit HIV.

a. is the goal of HIV therapy e. means that someone is unable to sexually transmit HIV

Which factors place the patient at increased risk for severe COVID-19? (select all that apply) a. Obesity b. Thyroid disease c. Cigarette smoking d. Pernicious anemia e. Chronic kidney disease

a. obesity c. Cigarette smoking e. Chronic kidney disease

A surgical unit's quality improvement committee notes the number of new catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) increased over the past 6 months. The nurse understands that this means: a. There is CAUTI pandemic on the unit. b. There is a need to review unit practices. c. Droplet precautions are needed to prevent CAUTIs. d. The prevalence of antibiotic resistant CAUTI infections is decreasing.

b. There is a need to review unit practices

A basic principle to consider when planning treatment for HIV is a. stimulating the immune system to increase viral load. b. using a combination of drugs from more than one class. c. suppressing the replication of virus by decreasing the CD4+ count. d. encouraging patients to use natural supplements, such as St. John's Wort.

b. using a combination of drugs from more than one class

Opportunistic diseases in HIV infection a. are usually benign. b. are slow to develop and progress. c. occur in the presence of immunosuppression. d. are curable with appropriate drug interventions.

c. occur in the presence of immunosuppression

When working with a patient who has suspected tuberculosis, the nurse would a. wear a cloth mask. b. only use standard precautions. c. place the patient on airborne precautions. d. wear a new gown each time they enter the room.

c. place the patient of airborne precautions

What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to help patients with HIV adhere to their treatment plan? a. Set up a drug pillbox for the patient every week. b. Give the patient a video and a brochure to view and read at home. c. Tell the patient that side effects of ART are bad but that they go away. d. Assess the patient's routines and find adherence cues that fit into their life circumstances.

d. Assess the patient's routines and find adherence cues that fit into their life circumstances

The nurse caring for a patient with HIV who has been on ART for many years plans care with the knowledge that the patient a. will inevitably develop drug resistance. b. is less likely to develop problems such as hyperlipidemia. c. is more likely to require treatment of opportunistic infections d. can develop other chronic conditions at an earlier age than someone without HIV.

d. can develop other chronic conditions at an earlier age than someone without HIV