CH 15 Special Senses

1.) because the vestibulocochlear nerve is impaired 2.) because the cochlea is not able to transmit sound to the oval window 3.) because sound is not transmitted to the tympanic membrane 4.) because sound is not transmitted from the tympanic membrane to the oval window 4

A disorder called osteogenesis damages the auditory ossicles and results in hearing loss. Why?

1.) mucus 2.) saliva 3.) ear wax 4.) tears 3

Ceruminous glands secrete

is/are a group of photoreceptor cells that function best for color vision.

Cones

1.) the cones need time to regenerate iodopsin 2.) the pupil needs to constrict 3.) the rods need time to regenerate rhodopsin 4.) the pupil needs to dilate 3

Dark adaptation can take up to 30 to 40 minutes, because...

is an area that contains only cones and serves as the eye's point.

Fovea

1.) dynamic equilibrium 2.) hearing 3.) olfaction 4.) static equilibrium 4

If you are sitting in class and you nod to respond "yes," this will be detected by the structures involved in

1.) the stimulus is detected by specialized receptor cells 2.) the signal reaches the CNS via cranial nerves only 3.) the signal is carried by sensory neurons 4.) the stimulus is first transmitted by CNS neurons 3

In both general and special sensation

1.) depolarize 2.) stay at the resting membrane potential 3.) repolarizes 4.) hyperpolarize 4

In the presence of light, photoreceptors

olfaction

Neural sensory signals are relayed on the thalamus, except for the sensation of

a layer that functions to absorb excess light.

Pigment epithelium

is/are a group of photoreceptors cells that function best in low light.

Rods

bipolar cells, pigment epithelium, ganglion cells, amacrine cells, blood vessels, photoreceptors, and horizontal cells.

Structures found in the retina

accomodation

The ability of the lens to change its shape from flattened to round is known as

basilar membrane

The loudness of sound is determined by the vibrations of the

axons of the olfactory neurons

The olfactory nerves (CN I) are formed by

maculae of the utricle and saccule of the vestibule

The receptor cells for static equilibrium are located in the

cornea

The sclera is continuous with a transparent layer over the anterior eye known as the

thalamus

To what part of the brain are both general and most special senses carried?

1.) round window 2.) tympanic membrane 3.) oval window 4.) auricle 3

Vibrations of the auditory ossicles are transmitted to the cochlea via the

crista ampullaris

What detects dynamic equilibrium?

tarsal gland

What gland secretes oil to prevent the eyelids from sticking together?

the lens focuses light on the retina

What is the function of the lens?

cranial nerves only

What nerves carry information about the special senses to the CNS?

skin

Where are the general senses located?

temporal lobe

Where does the conscious awareness of sound begin, along with the analysis of its pitch, location, and loudness?

gustatory cell

Which cell has receptors specialized to detect different tastes?

vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting information about sounds and head position and movement to the brain?

1.) A receptor cell causes an increase in a physical stimulus 2.) A receptor cell stimulates a motor neuron 3.) A physical stimulus causes a receptor cell to increase the amount of neurotransmitter it releases 4.) A sensory neuron releases neurotransmitter to stimulate a receptor cell 3

Which of the following happens during special senses transduction?

1.) control secretions from the pituitary gland 2.) regulate thirst and hunger 3.) regulate body temperature 4.) regulate movement 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the hypothalamus?

cornea and lens

Which of the following parts of the eye refract light to focus it on the retina?

1.) photoreceptors depolarize and inhibit bipolar cells 2.) photoreceptors depolarize and stimulate bipolar cells 3.) photoreceptors hyperpolarize and inhibit bipolar cells 4.) photoreceptor cells hyperpolarize and stop inhibiting bipolar cells 4

Which of the following statements correctly describes transduction in photoreceptors when light stimulates them?

1.) round window 2.) pharyngotympanic tube 3.) lympanic membrane 4.) external auditory canal 2

Which of the following structures allows the pressure in the middle ear to equalize with the pressure in the outer ear?

1.) central process of sensory neuron 2.) peripheral process of sensory neuron 3.) posterior root of spinal cord 4.) cell body of sensory neuron 2

Which of the following structures is closest to nerve endings with sensory receptors?

1.) scala vestibuli 2.) tympanic membrane 3.) cochlear duct 4.) semicircular ducts 1

Which of the following structures of the inner ear is/are filled with perilymph?