Ch. 16 History

Emancipation Proclamation

(1862) an order issued by President Abraham Lincoln freeing the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union; took effect January 1, 1863

Pickett's Charge

(1863) a failed Confederate attack during the Civil War led by General George Pickett at the Battle of Gettysburg

What advantage did the North have over the South in the Battle of Gettysburg?

The North gained control of Little Round Top which gave them a better position

Why did the Union find it difficult to maintain the blockade it set up to control southern ports?

The Union navy had to patrol thousands of miles of coastline

Why did many criticize the northern draft of 1863 ?

They felt the draft favored the rich by allowing them to buy their way out of serving .

Why did many Native Americans choose to join the Confederacy in the war effort in the Far West?

They hoped that Confederate leaders would give them independence

What did Generals McClellan, Burnside, and Hooker have in common?

They lacked aggression and timimg

How were prisoners of war treated during Civil War ?

They often were held w/no shelter & little food .

How did life for African Americans in the South change after the Civil War?

They were free. No longer slaves

Why did African American soldiers in the Civil War face more difficulties than white soldiers ?

They were killed or sold into slavery if they were captured by Confederacy.

How did the Union and Confederate armies originally build up their troops?

They were relying on volunteers to serve in the army

Why did many Northerners begin to oppose the Civil War ?

They were upset by how long the war lasted & rising casualties .

"Cotton Diplomacy"

to pressure Britain and France, the Confederacy attempted an embargo on cotton exports

What was the first battle of the Civil War?

Fort Sumter

What did President Lincoln do to silence those in opposition to the war ?

He suspened the night of habeas corpus & jailed their enemies w/o a trial .

Why did Lincoln wait until after the Union victory at the Battle of Antietam to announce the Emancipation Procalamtion

He wanted the Union to be in a position of strength

Why did the Second Battle of Bull Run accomplish for the Confederacy?

Most Union retreated; it was a major victory

Copperheads

Midwest democrats who symphathized with the South

Why did General Lee decide to surrender his troops at Appomattox Courthouse?

Union had surrounded his troops

Which African American unit in the Civil War played a key role in the attack on South Carolina's Fort Wagner ?

54th Massachusetts Regiment( infantry )

What was the economic condition of the South after the end of the Civil War?

Bad. Many had no jobs or homes

Wilderness Campaign

Developed by Grant, it was a series of battles designed to capture Richmond.

Contrabands

Escaped slaves

What important contribution did General William Tecumseh Sherman make to the Union war effort?

He destroyed railroads and industries by capturing Atlanta

Why was Ulysess S. Grant qualified to lead an army?

He fought in the Mexican-American War and was proven for battle

Why did Union General George B. McClellan hesitate before launching an attack on the Confederate army in 1862?

He overestimated the Confederate army

How did the Union's capture of Alanta contribute to Lincoln's re-election?

It convinced Northern States that the Union was making progress in the war

What was the significance of the Siege of Vicksburg?

It gave the Union TOTAL control of the Mississippi River

What did the Union victory in the Battle of Shiloh mean for the Union?

It gave the Union control of the Mississippi River

What were the results of the development of new warships by both the North and the South?

It marked the end of wooden warships

What was the result of the First Battle of Bull Run?

It shattered the North's hope

What resulted from the Battle of Antietam?

It shifted control from the Civil War to the South?

Why was the Battle of Gettysburg a turning point in the Civil War?

Lee could no longer launch attacks in the in the North

Why did President Lincoln support the abolition of slavery?

Lincoln thought it would help the North win the world

How did women contribute during the Civil War ?

Many women provided medical care for injured soldiers .

Why did Lincoln replace General McClellan with General Burnside after the attack on Fredericksburg ?

McClellan was too hesitant & not daring enough in battle .

What was the goal of the Union army in the West?

To control the Mississippi River

What was the strategybfor winning the Civil War of General Winfield Scott?

To destroy South's economy by blockading it; gain control of the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy

What was the strategy of total war adopted by General Sherman?

To destroy civilian and military resources

What was the purpose of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address?

To remind Americans why the Civil War was being fought

What was the main problem for the Confederate and Union armies when preparing for war?

Troops were unexperienced

What gave General Lee the chamce to reunite the two sections of his army in time for the Union attack on Fredereicksburg in 1862?

Union army was delayed crossing the Rappahannock River