CH 16 PHYSICS

A parcel of warmed air rises due to random molecular motion. buoyancy. increased energy of its molecules. radiation.

buoyancy.

If you were caught in freezing weather with only a candle for heat, you would be warmer in an igloo. a car. a tent. a wooden house.

an igloo

Pour a liter of water at 40°C into a liter of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes less than 30°C. at or about 30°C. more than 30°C.

at or about 30 c

A liter of cold water will warm faster in sunlight in a black pot. silver pot. red pot. none of the above

black pot

A liter of hot water will cool to room temperature faster in a black pot. silver pot. red pot. none of the above

black pot

Which will normally warm faster: a black pot of cold water or a silvered pot of cold water? Which will cool faster? Silver, silver Black, black Silver, black Black, silver

black, black

Because of trapped air inside, snow is a good insulator. good conductor. both a good insulator and a poor conductor. none of the above

both a good insulator and a poor conductor.

Blow on your hand with your mouth open. Then do the same with your lips puckered and you'll find a difference in temperatures. the breath from puckered lips is cooler. both of these neither of these

both of these

Heat energy is measured in units of joules. calories. both of these neither of these

both of these

The lower the temperature of an object, the longer the wavelengths it radiates. lower the frequency of radiation it emits. both of these neither of these

both of these

Newton's law of cooling applies to objects that undergo _________. cooling or warming only warming neither cooling nor warming only cooling

cooling or warming

Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the one to undergo the fastest increase in temperature will be copper. aluminum. both the same

copper

When a bimetallic bar made of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip. The reason for this is iron expands more than copper. copper expands more than iron. copper gets hotter before iron. iron gets hotter before copper. none of the above

copper expands more than iron

If a pizza radiates more energy than it absorbs, its temperature decreases. increases. is unaffected. none of the above

decreases

If the temperature of a sample of water at 0°C is slightly increased, its volume increases. remains the same. decreases.

decreases

If you wish to expand the volume of a sample of water at 4°C raise its temperature a bit. lower its temperature a bit. either of these neither of these

either of these

Terrestrial radiation is emitted by Earth. emitted by the Sun. both of these neither of these

emitted by earth

When we speak about heat we refer to ___________.

energy in transit

When most substances are heated, molecules inside move faster and take up more space, resulting in thermal heat. contraction. bending. expansion.

expansion

In which direction does heat flow spontaneously between hot and cold objects?

from high temperature to low temperature

When you touch a hot potato with your finger, energy flows from your finger to the potato. from the potato to your finger. actually, both ways.

from the potato to your finger

When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows from your finger to the ice. from the ice to your finger. actually, both ways

from your finger to the ice

A good absorber of radiation is a poor emitter of radiation. good emitter of radiation. good reflector.

good emitter of radiation

What type of gas absorbs and re-emits infrared radiation? non-greenhouse gases greenhouse gases neither the greenhouse gases nor the non-greenhouse gases

greenhouse gases

A substance that heats up relatively slowly has a low specific heat capacity. high specific heat capacity. either of these neither of these

high specific heat capacity

The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has much to do with water's high specific heat capacity. high evaporation rate. vast supply of internal energy. good conductivity. absorption of solar energy.

high specific heat capacity.

Materials composed of molecules that absorb large amounts of energy in the form of internal vibrations and rotations have high specific heats. low specific heats. none of the above

high specific heats

An apple pie will be a net emitter of energy when its temperature is higher than its surroundings. lower than its surroundings. none of these

higher than its surroundings.

If the temperature of a sample of water at 4°C is slightly increased, its volume remains the same. decreases. increases.

increases

If the temperature of a sample of water at 4°C is slightly lowered, its volume decreases. remains the same. increases.

increases

Does a hot object contain internal energy or does it contain heat?

internal energy

Aluminum has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. This means that for equal masses of aluminum and iron, the metal that heats more quickly when the same amount of heat is applied is aluminum. iron. need more information

iron

On a cold day your feet feel warmer on a rug than on a tile floor because a rug is usually warmer than tile. for the same mass has more internal energy than tile. is a poorer conductor. all of the above none of the above

is a poorer conductor

When an object absorbs as much as it radiates it remains at about the same temperature. it is a net absorber. it is a net radiator. none of the above

it remains at about the same temperature.

Which temperature scales have equal sized degrees?

kelvin and celsius

Temperature is most closely related to molecular

kinetic energy

When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes smaller. larger. neither smaller nor larger. either smaller or larger, depending on the ring thickness.

larger

When we enlarge a photograph of an iron ring, the image of the hole becomes smaller. neither smaller nor larger. larger.

larger

Molecules in a region of expanding air more often collide with neighboring molecules that are approaching. receding. nearly out of range

receding

Relatively speaking, do high-frequency waves have long wavelengths or short wavelengths? Name an electromagnetic wave with higher frequency than blue light. Short, infrared Short, ultraviolet Long, infrared Long, ultraviolet

short, ultraviolet

If the specific heat capacity of water were lower than it is, a nice hot bath would be a same regardless of water's specific heat capacity. longer experience. shorter experience.

shorter experience

The higher the temperature of an object, the shorter the wavelengths it radiates. longer the wavelengths it radiates. makes no difference in the wavelengths it radiates

shorter the wavelengths it radiates.

In practice, a good insulator speeds negative heat flow. slows heat flow. stops heat flow. all of the above

slows heat flow

Long ago a runaway greenhouse effect transformed the planet Mars. Mercury. Venus. all of the above

venus

A block of wood and a block of copper will feel neither hot nor cold to the touch when they each have your temperature. equal conductivities. equal temperatures. none of the above

your temperature

What is terrestrial radiation? Terrestrial radiation is infrared radiation emitted by Earth's surface. Terrestrial radiation is infrared radiation received by Earth's surface. Terrestrial radiation is ultraviolet radiation emitted by Earth's surface. Terrestrial radiation is ultraviolet radiation received by Earth's surface

Terrestrial radiation is infrared radiation emitted by Earth's surface.

How would decreasing the percentage of greenhouse gases affect the amount of infrared radiation reflected by the atmosphere back toward Earth? The amount of infrared radiation would increase. The amount of infrared radiation would stay the same. The amount of infrared radiation would decrease.

The amount of infrared radiation would decrease.

How would increasing the density of air in the atmosphere affect the amount of infrared radiation returned by the atmosphere back toward Earth? The amount of infrared radiation would increase. The amount of infrared radiation would stay the same. The amount of infrared radiation would decrease.

The amount of infrared radiation would increase.

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C is ___________. 1 joule or 1 calorie, as both are the same 1 calorie 1 newton 1 joule

1 calorie

Which unit represents the most energy? Calorie calorie joule all the same

Calorie

Why is ice less dense than water? Water molecules slow their vibrations and move closer together when water freezes. Ice crystallizes with an open structure, and the gaps that form between the water molecules in ice increase its volume. When water freezes, it forms a crystal structure with less volume than liquid water. Some water molecules are lost when water freezes.

Ice crystallizes with an open structure, and the gaps that form between the water molecules in ice increase its volume.

Does a good insulator prevent heat from escaping or slow its passage? Insulators conduct heat in a closed cycle, thereby returning it to its source. Insulators increase the transfer of heat. Insulators prevent heat from escaping. Insulators slow the passage of heat.

Insulators slow the passage of heat.

How does the peak frequency of radiant energy relate to the absolute temperature of the radiating source? The peak frequency increases as temperature increases. The peak frequency decreases as temperature increases. The peak frequency increases to a maximum then decreases as temperature increases. The peak frequency stays the same as temperature increases.

The peak frequency increases as temperature increases.

Which will undergo the greater rate of cooling: a red-hot poker in a warm oven or a red-hot poker in a cold room (or do both cool at the same rate)? The poker in the oven cools fastest. The poker actually stays the same temperature in the oven. The poker in the cold room cools fastest. Both cool at the same rate.

The poker in the cold room cools fastest.

Does a substance that heats up quickly have a high or a low specific heat capacity? A low specific heat capacity A high specific heat capacity Larger objects heat up more quickly, independent of specific heat capacity. Specific heat capacity does not matte

a low specific heat capacity

The air in your room is composed of molecules that have

a wide variety of speeds

Which body glows with electromagnetic waves? you and your classmates the Earth the Sun all of the above

all of the above

A red-hot piece of coal will cool quicker in a cold room. warm oven. both the same.

cold room

A region of expanding air tends to cool. warm. both of the these neither of these

cool

If a volume of air is warmed, it expands and tends to warm. cool. neither of these

cool

When a hot object makes thermal contact with a cold object, the direction of temperature is from hot to cold. internal energy flow is from hot to cold both of these neither of these

internal energy flow is from hot to cold

Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation. This indicates that the specific heat capacity for sand is ___________. likely the same as that of plants unrelated to rate of cooling more than that of plants less than that of plants

less than that of the plants

A Thermos bottle has double glass walls with silver coating on the glass surfaces that face each other. The silver coating reduces energy transfer by radiation. conduction. convection. all the above none of the above

radiation

Heat travels from the Sun to Earth by the process of _________. conduction conduction and convection, though radiation is greater convection radiation

radiation

The form of heat transfer that doesn't depend on a medium is conduction. radiation. convection. all of the above

radiation

Heat energy travels from an object with a high temperature to an object with a lower temperature. internal energy to an object with a lower internal energy. both of the above none of the above

temperature to an object with a lower temperature.

Heat normally flows from objects of high internal energy to objects of low internal energy. temperature to objects of low temperature. both of these neither of these

temperature to objects of low temperature.

When water at 4°C is heated it expands. If it is instead cooled it will neither contracts nor expands. also expand. contracts.

also expand

The planet Earth loses heat primarily by convection. radiation. conduction. all of the above

radiation

Room temperature on the Kelvin scale is about 400 K. more than 400 K. 300 K. 200 K. 100 K.

300 K

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C is 4.19 joules. 4.19 Calories. 4.19 calories. none of the above

4.19 joules

When 10 grams of hot water cool by 1°C, the amount of heat given off is 41.9 Calories. more than 41.9 joules. 41.9 calories. 41.9 joules. none of the above

41.9 joules

Before ice can form on a lake, all the water in the lake must be cooled to 4°C. zero°C. -32°C. none of the above

4°C.

Which temperature scale has the smallest sized degrees? Celsius Kelvin Fahrenheit none of the above

Fahrenheit

Why do substances expand when their temperature is increased? Higher-temperature substances have less internal energy. Higher-temperature substances experience crystal collapse. Higher-temperature substances have greater molecular motion. Higher-temperature substances have greater electrical repulsion.

Higher-temperature substances have greater molecular motion.

What determines whether an object is a net absorber or a net emitter of radiant energy at a given time? It is determined by the temperature of the object relative to its surroundings. Hotter objects are net absorbers. It is determined by the temperature of the object relative to its surroundings. Hotter objects are net emitters. Absorption and emission are the same for an object, so it is neither a net absorber nor a net emitter. Hot objects are net emitters regardless of the temperature of the surroundings.

It is determined by the temperature of the object relative to its surroundings. Hotter objects are net emitters.

A temperature difference of 10 Celsius degrees is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the Kelvin scale. Fahrenheit scale. both of these neither of these

Kelvin scale

If you touch the metal sides in an oven with your bare hand, you're in trouble. But hold your hand briefly in the oven air and you're okay. What does this tell you about the relative conductivities of metal and air? Metal is a poor conductor of heat, whereas air is a good conductor of heat. Neither metal nor air is a good conductor of heat. Metal is a good conductor of heat, whereas air is a terrible conductor of heat. Both metal and air are good conductors of heat

Metal is a good conductor of heat, whereas air is a terrible conductor of heat.

Can an object be both a good absorber and a good reflector at the same time? No. A good absorber reflects very little light. No. A silver-painted radiator reflects light and heats a room better than a black-painted one. Yes. A shiny black object is a good absorber and a good emitter. Yes. An object can both reflect a lot of light and absorb a lot of light.

No. A good absorber reflects very little light.

Since all objects emit energy to their surroundings, why don't the temperatures of all objects continuously decrease? Objects that are good emitters are poor absorbers, so they absorb as much radiation as they emit. Objects that are good emitters are poor conductors, so they are insulated against heat loss. Objects that are good emitters are equally good absorbers, so they absorb radiation as well as emit it.

Objects that are good emitters are equally good absorbers, so they absorb radiation as well as emit it.

Why are materials such as wood, fur, feathers, and even snow good insulators? There are many free electrons in these materials. All solids are poor conductors of heat. Outer electrons in these materials are firmly attached. These materials contain air, which is a good conductor of heat.

Outer electrons in these materials are firmly attached.

Why does the direction of coastal winds change from day to night? The specific heat of water is less than the specific heat of land. Water cools more rapidly at night. The temperature difference drives convection and onshore winds. The specific heat of water is less than the specific heat of land. Water cools more slowly at night. The temperature difference drives convection and onshore winds. The specific heat of water is greater than the specific heat of land. Water cools more slowly at night. The temperature difference drives convection and offshore winds. The specific heat of water is greater than the specific heat of land. Water cools more rapidly at night. The temperature difference drives convection and offshore winds.

The specific heat of water is greater than the specific heat of land. Water cools more slowly at night. The temperature difference drives convection and offshore winds.

How is heat similar to and different from internal energy?

They are both forms of energy, but heat flows, whereas internal energy does not

How does the specific heat capacity of water compare with the specific heat capacities of other common materials? Water has a higher specific heat capacity than most common materials. Water has a specific heat capacity of 1 calorie per Celsius degree per gram, whereas common materials have a heat capacity of 2 calories per Celsius degree per gram. Water has a lower specific heat capacity than most common materials.

Water has a higher specific heat capacity than most common materials.

Why does all the water in a lake have to be cooled to 4°C before the surface water can be cooled below 4°C? Water has a low specific heat at 4°C, which allows it to cool rapidly and freeze. When water is cooled to 4°C, it sinks, cooling all the water in the pond to 4°C as it sinks. When water is cooled to 4°C, it sinks and deeper, warmer, water rises to the surface. Water is a good conductor of heat at 4°C, so when water reaches that temperature, the whole body of water can freeze rapidly.

When water is cooled to 4°C, it sinks and deeper, warmer, water rises to the surface

If you measure the width of an outdoor barn with a steel tape on a very cold day, your measured width will be the same as on an average-temperature day. a bit short. a bit long.

a bit long

Which of these are good insulators? feathers. snow. wood. all the above none of the above

all of the above

One of water's interesting thermal properties is that when heated it takes a relatively short time in changing temperature. same amount of time to cool. long time in changing temperature. none of the above

long time in changing temperature.

Metals are good conductors of both heat and electricity due to both transferring energy easily. relatively high densities of metals. similar thermal and electrical conductive properties. high elasticity of metals. looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms.

looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms.

The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that the specific heat capacity of sand is relatively high. low. practically absent

low

The reason you can walk barefoot on red-hot coals of wood without burning your feet mainly involves mind over matter techniques. low conductivity of the coals. low temperature of the coals.

low conductivity of the coals.

A substance that cools down faster than others has a high specific heat capacity. low specific heat capacity. either of these neither of these

low specific heat capacity

A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a low specific heat capacity. high specific heat capacity. either of these neither of these

low specific heat capacity.

Due to the presence of ice crystals in nearly frozen liquid water, the density of water is unaffected. lower. higher.

lower

When coal dust is spread on snow on a sunny day no change in melting rate occurs. less melting occurs. more melting occurs.

more melting occurs

Pour two liters of water at 40°C into one liter of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes less than 30°C. at or about 30°C. more than 30°C

more than 30 c

The specific heat capacity is highest for substances that absorb or release large quantities of heat for correspondingly small or large changes in temperature. large temperature changes. small temperature changes. none of the above

small temperature changes

A substance with a high thermal inertia has a high specific heat capacity. energy content. heat conductivity. temperature, in many cases.

specific heat capacity

It is commonly thought that a can of beverage will cool faster in the coldest part of a refrigerator. Knowledge of Newton's law of cooling contradicts this common knowledge. supports this common knowledge. is unrelated to this common knowledge.

supports this common knowledge

Waves emitted by the Sun and terrestrial wave emissions are identical. entirely different kinds of waves. the same except for their frequencies and wavelengths.

the same except for their frequencies and wavelengths.