Ch 17

The following sequence of events is correct:

1) First formulation of the heliocentric system; 2) Discovery of the elliptical paths of planets; 3) Newton's unification of physics and astronomy; 4) First steam engine.

As part of his reforms, Tsar Peter I "the Great" ______________ the remaining free farmers outside the estate system of the aristocracy.

Classified and taxed as serfs

Humanism was an intellectual movement focused on human culture, in such fields as philosophy, philology, and literature, and based on the corpus of ___________ texts.

Greek and Roman

A mathematician and assistant of Galileo, Evangelista Torricelli experimented with mercury-filled tubes to lay the groundwork for the first ___________.

Barometer

On St. _______'s Day in August 1572, the Catholic king and aristocracy of France perpetrated a wholesale slaughter of thousands of Huguenots.

Bartholomew

When the Catholic Reformation drove the New Sciences to northwestern Europe, the Italian-style academies gave way to chartered royal societies, the first of which was founded in ______ in 1660.

Britain

The work of the German ________ Martin Waldseemüller probably had an effect on the scientific theories of Nicolaus Copernicus.

Cartographer

The portolan (nautical chart) drawn by Pedro Reinel is the earliest known map to include _____________.

Lines of latitude

In 1649, a group of 70 mostly landless farmers and day laborers occupied "common" land about 25 miles south of ________ and set up a communal farm there.

London

n 1649, a group of 70 mostly landless farmers and day laborers occupied "common" land about 25 miles south of ________ and set up a communal farm there.

London

Isaac Newton's ___________ Principles of Natural Philosophy, published in 1687, was the towering achievement of the New Sciences.

Mathematical

Descartes concluded that a person, including himself, was composed of two radically different substances, a material substance that can be understood with the senses and another that consisted of:

The thinking mind

The Baroque artistic aesthetic could best be described as:

Voluptuous and dramatic

The central objective of the "Glorious Revolution" in Britain was:

to remove the unpopular Stuart king and replace him with his daughter and her husband

Experiments in the _______ with movable metal typeface resulted in the innovation of the printing press.

1430s

Under difficult conditions during the Thirty Years' War, Maria Cunitz wrote a treatise on ___________ that corrected the calculations of previous scholars but, given its controversial nature, had to be published privately.

Astronomy

Acquiring wealth with the help of money and thereby perhaps gaining a glimpse of one's fate became one of the hallmarks of ____________.

Calvinism

Coffeehouses allowed the literate urban public to meet, read __________, and exchange ideas.

Daily newspapers

In the formulation of his "law of falling bodies", Galileo systematically combined imagination with empirical research and ___________.

Experimentation

he lasting achievement of the Marquise de Châtelet was:

Her translation of Newton's Mathematical Principles from Latin into French.

A member of the _________ family of rulers, Frederick II "the Great" of Prussia enlarged his army and pursued an aggressive foreign policy.

Hohenzollern

In France, Protestants were known as

Huguenots

Among most of the countries of Europe, the Netherlands was exceptional in its finances in that:

Its urban residents were willing to pay higher taxes on manufactures and farming.

As a proponent of Copernican heliocentrism, Galileo seemed to contradict the passage in the Hebrew Bible's Book of ___________, in which God stops the sun in the sky for a day.

Joshua

Despite the appearance of his beaming benevolence at Versailles, the "absolutist" rule of ____________ was a complex mixture of centralized and decentralized forces.

Louis XIV

The ruler with the longest reign in France was:

Louis XIV.

All of the following are true of Calvinism in France EXCEPT:

Peasants, overtaxed and oppressed, made up the largest segment of French Protestants.

The following sequence of events is correct:

1) Beginning of Luther's Reformation; 2) French War of Religion; 3) Thirty Years' War; 4) "Glorious Revolution" in England.

Louis XIV sent salaried, itinerant intendants around the provinces to:

Ensure that governmental activities functioned properly

Because _________ universities and scientific academies refused to admit women, in contrast to their counterparts in other countries, the salon became a bastion of well-placed and respected female scholars.

French

All of the following is true of the technology used in developing scientific instruments EXCEPT:

It established a hierarchy of production, with engineers at the top and theoretical scientists a bit below.

Copernicus began his studies at the University of __________, the only eastern European school to offer courses in astronomy.

Kraków

"Intendants" were:

Representatives of the French crown who kept an eye on provincial office holders.

All of the following were the result of the Peace of Westphalia EXCEPT:

The Protestants gained considerable territory in northern Germany.

Martin Luther protested the sale of indulgences in ________ with 95 theses addressed to his archbishop.

1517

The New Sciences were allowed to flourish in northern Europe, especially in the Netherlands and England, mainly because of:

A certain liberty of investigation that other areas lacked.

The English Civil War (1642-1651) resulted in:

A short-lived theocracy.

The Jewish community of ___________ excommunicated Baruch Spinoza for heresy, since he seemed to make God immanent in the world.

Amsterdam

The "Patterns of Evidence" documents are examples of what?

Primary sources

All of the following persons and/or institutions determinedly worked to popularize science EXCEPT

Protestant churches and Sunday schools.