Ch. 17 Endocrine System - Review Questions

How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 6

a. 0

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of a. ADH b. ACTH c. LH d. TSH e. oxytocin

a. ADH

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is a. FSH b. GH c. TSH d. LH e. ACTH

a. FSH

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is a. TSH b. GH c. LH d. FSH e. ACTH

a. TSH

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of a. aldosterone b. cortisone c. oxytocin d. antidiuretic hormone e. calcitonin

a. aldosterone

What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla? a. chromaffin cells b. neuroglial cells c. follicle cells d. oxyphil cells

a. chromaffin cells

A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP? a. The hormone will not be able to bind to the hormone receptor. b. Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated. c. Excessive quantities of cAMP will be produced. d. The phosphorylation cascade will be initiated.

b. Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated.

Which of the following statements about insulin is true? a. Insulin acts as a transport protein, carrying glucose across the cell membrane. b. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. c. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. d. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream.

b. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane.

The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by ________. a. TSH from the hypothalamus b. TSH from the anterior pituitary c. thyroxine from the anterior pituitary d. thyroglobulin from the thyroid's parafollicular cells

b. TSH from the anterior pituitary

Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism? a. increased bone deposition b. fractures c. convulsions d. all of the above

b. fractures

The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces a. mineralocorticoids b. glucocorticoids c. norepinephrine d. androgens e. epinephrine

b. glucocorticoids

The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of ________. a.blood vessels b. nerve axons c. cartilage d. bone

b. nerve axons

Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called ________. a. autocrine b. paracrine c. endocrine d. neuron

b. paracrine

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is a. FSH b. LH c. ACTH d. TSH e. GH

c. ACTH

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? a. ADH b. oxytocin c. TSH d. cortisol

c. TSH

Iodide ions cross from the bloodstream into follicle cells via ________. a. simple diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. osmosis

c. active transport

Athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their ________. a. blood calcium levels b. secretion of growth hormone c. blood oxygen levels d. muscle mass

c. blood oxygen levels

Each of the following is true of the pineal gland except that it a. responds to light and darkness b. is a component of the epithalamus c. is a component of the hypothalamus d. contains pinealocytes e. secretes melatonin

c. is a component of the hypothalamus

The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ? a. thyroid b. liver c. kidneys d. hypothalamus

c. kidneys

A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive? a. humoral b. hormonal c. neural d. positive feedback

c. neural

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called a. resistors b. adjuvants c. agonists d. synergists e. antagonists

e. antagonists

Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action? a. antidiuretic hormones b. mineralocorticoids c. pancreatic hormones d. thyroglobulins e. glucocorticoids

e. glucocorticoids

The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the a. isthmus b. aqueduct c. commissure d. infundibulum e. pars intermedia

a. isthmus

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces a. mineralocorticoids b. norepinephrine c. androgens d. glucocorticoids e. epinephrine

a. mineralocorticoids

Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true? a. It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx. b. The parathyroid glands are embedded within it. c. It manufactures three hormones. d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces a. glucocorticoids b. mineralocorticoids c. norepinephrine d. androgens e. epinephrine

d. androgens

The heart secretes the hormone a. progesterone b. oxytocin c. thyroxine d. atrial natriuretic peptide e. thymosin

d. atrial natriuretic peptide

If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected? a. somatostatin b. pancreatic polypeptide c. insulin d. glucagon

d. glucagon

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________. a. somatostatin; insulin b. pancreatic polypeptide; insulin c. insulin; glucagon d. glucagon; insulin e. glucagon; somatostatin

d. glucagon; insulin

Peptide hormones are a. composed of amino acids b. produced by the adrenal glands c. chemically related to cholesterol d. lipids e. derived from the amino acid tyrosine

a. composed of amino acids

Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the ________. a. development of T cells b. preparation of the body for childbirth c. regulation of appetite d. release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

a. development of T cells

When blood glucose levels fall, a. glucagon is released. b. protein synthesis increases. c. calcitonin is secreted. d. peripheral cells take up more glucose. e. insulin is released.

a. glucagon is released.

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of a. hypothyroidism b. hypoparathyroidism c. hyperthyroidism d. hyperparathyroidism e. diabetes insipidus

a. hypothyroidism

Which of the following is true of the endocrine system? a. it responds slowly but effectively for maintaining homeostatic functions b. it responds with motor output c. it responds specifically to digestive stimuli d. it responds rapidly to stimuli e. it communicates by the release of neurotransmitters

a. it responds slowly but effectively for maintaining homeostatic functions

The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer? a. oral ectoderm b. neural ectoderm c. mesoderm d. endoderm

a. oral ectoderm

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except a. testosterone b. epinephrine c. thyroid hormone d. melatonin e. norepinephrine

a. testosterone

Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by ________. a. abnormally low levels of cortisol b. abnormally high levels of cortisol c. abnormally low levels of aldosterone d. abnormally high levels of aldosterone

b. abnormally high levels of cortisol

Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance? a. adrenocorticotropic hormone b. antidiuretic hormone c. luteinizing hormone d. all of the above

b. antidiuretic hormone.

The walls of the atria produce which hormone? a. cholecystokinin b. atrial natriuretic peptide c. renin d. calcitriol

b. atrial natriuretic peptide

In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes ________. a. increased tolerance for cold b. decreased basal metabolic rate c. decreased body fat d. osteoporosis

b. decreased basal metabolic rate

The production of melatonin is inhibited by ________. a. declining levels of light b. exposure to bright light c. the secretion of serotonin d. the activity of pinealocytes

b. exposure to bright light

What cells secrete melatonin? a. melanocytes b. pinealocytes c. suprachiasmatic nucleus cells d. retinal cells

b. pinealocytes

A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of ________. a. melatonin b. thyroid hormone c. growth hormone d. insulin

b. thyroid hormone

Endocrine glands ________. a. secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs b. release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft c. secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream d. include sebaceous glands and sweat glands

c. secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream

The gonads produce what class of hormones? a. amine hormones b. peptide hormones c. steroid hormones d. catecholamines

c. steroid hormones

The development of a goiter indicates that ________. a. the anterior pituitary is abnormally enlarged b. there is hypertrophy of the thyroid's follicle cells c. there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles d. the anterior pituitary is secreting excessive growth hormone

c. there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

The end result of the RAAS is to ________. a. reduce blood volume b. increase blood glucose c. reduce blood pressure d. increase blood pressure

d. increase blood pressure

The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone? a. estrogens b. progesterone c. relaxin d. inhibin

d. inhibin

Which of the following responses s not part of the fight-or-flight response? a. pupil dilation b. increased oxygen supply to the lungs c. suppressed digestion d. reduced mental activity

d. reduced mental activity

When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates ________. a.urinary excretion of calcium by the kidneys b. a reduction in calcium absorption from the intestines c. the activity of osteoblasts d. the activity of osteoclasts

d. the activity of osteoclasts

Steroid Hormones a. act on target cells by activating second messenger cascades. b. are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma. c. cannot diffuse through cell membranes. d. are proteins. e. bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

e. bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.