CH 18: Upper Arm, Elbow, and Forearm Conditions

Which of the following conditions should be considered when evaluating an athlete who has received a direct blow to the posterior elbow? (Choose all that apply.) A. triceps tendon strain B. ulnar nerve contusion C. olecranon bursa injury D. brachialis weakness E. musculocutaneous nerve contusion

B. ulnar nerve contusion C. olecranon bursa injury

Which of the following structures is associated with Panner disease? A. Radial tuberosity B. Coronoid process C. Capitellum D. Styloid process of radius E. Supracondylar ridge of humerus

C. capitellum

Which of the following is commonly used in racquet sports to reduce muscle tensile forces that can lead to medial or lateral epicondylitis? A. compression wrap B. neoprene sleeve C. counterforce brace D. forearm splint E. elbow pad

C. counterforce brace

The carrying angle ranges from __________ in adults and is generally greater in females. A. 10 to 15 degrees B. 20 to 25 degrees C. 0 to 5 degrees D. 15 to 20 degrees E. 5 to 10 degrees

A. 10 to 15 degrees

The normal ROM for elbow flexion is __________degrees. A. 140-150 B. 80-100 C. 110-120 D. 60-80 E. 70-90

A. 140-150

The myotome for scapular elevation is: A. C4. B. C8. C. C5. D. C7. E. C6.

A. C4

During weight lifting, males under the age of 30 with a history of steroid use have an increased risk of sustaining a ____________. A. proximal biceps brachii rupture B. triceps brachii rupture C. compartment syndrome D. ulnar dislocation E. radial head subluxation

A. proximal biceps brachii rupture

What nerve innervates the main elbow extensors? A. radial B. median C. brachial D. musculocutaneous E. ulnar

A. radial

When establishing a rehabilitation program for an elbow injury, what other parts of the kinetic chain should be considered? (Choose all that apply.) A. wrist B. shoulder C. cervical spine D. hand E. thoracic spine

A. wrist B. shoulder D. Hand

A 30-year-old recreational tennis player was diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis. The assessment of the condition revealed pain even with simple daily activities. What is the immediate management for this condition? (Choose all that apply.) A. friction massage B. protected rest C. application of cold D. application of heat E. NSAIDS F. return to full activity with use of a counterforce strap

B. protected rest C. application of cold E. NSAIDS

Weakness with wrist and finger flexion and numbness on the palmar aspect of the hand would be indicative of trauma involving which nerve? A. Brachial B. Median C. Anterior interosseous D. Radial E. Ulnar

B. median

The development of ectopic bone in the belly of the muscle as a result of chronic blows to the same area is termed: A. contusion. B. myositis ossificans. C. bone spur. D. exostosis. E. hematoma.

B. myositis ossificans

Most elbow dislocations occur from axial loading when falling on an outstretched hand, which results in the ulna and radius dislocating: A. anteriorly. B. posteriorly. C. anteromedially. D. medially. E. laterally.

B. posteriorly

The most common mechanism of injury for an ulnar collateral sprain is: A. hyperextension. friction. B. falling on extended hand. C. repetitive varus tensile force. D. friction. E. repetitive valgus tensile force.

E. repetitive valgus tensile force.

Football linemen who consistently block with their arms may develop an ectopic formation on the anterolateral humerus referred to as: A. blocker's myositis B. blocker's contusion C. myositis ossificans D. periostitis E. tackler's exostosis

E. tackler's exostosis

Inward rotation of the forearm is termed: A. Pronation B. Supination C. Extension D. Hyperextension E. Flexion

A. Pronation

Which of the following tests should be performed to confirm a suspected radial collateral ligament sprain? A. Varus stress test B. Tennis elbow test C. Elbow flexion test D. Pinch grip test E. Valgus stress test

A. Varus stress test

As part of an elbow assessment, the athletic trainer notes cubital valgus. What was detected by the athletic trainer? A. a carrying angle greater than 20 degrees B. a carrying angle less than 20 degrees C. a carrying angle less than 10 degrees D. a normal carrying angle E. a carrying angle greater than 30 degrees

A. a carrying angle greater than 20 degrees

Rapid onset of signs and symptoms that include swelling, discoloration, and absent or diminished distal pulse secondary to a forearm fracture is referred to as: A. compartment syndrome. B. radial tunnel syndrome. C. pronator syndrome. D. anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. E. cubital tunnel syndrome.

A. compartment syndrome

As an adaptation to the repeated stress associated with throwing, a baseball pitcher may exhibit which of the following conditions in the throwing arm? A. A normal resting position B. Cubital valgus C. Cubital varus D. Hyperextension E. Cubital recurvatum

B. Cubital valgus

Subluxation or dislocation of the radial head is referred to as: A. tennis elbow. B. pulled-elbow syndrome. C. Volkman's contracture. D. golfer's elbow. E. Little League elbow.

B. Pulled-elbow syndrome

As part of an elbow examination on a 14-year-old baseball pitcher, the athletic trainer performs the Tinel sign and the elbow flexion test. Both tests elicit a positive response. What pathology is indicated by these findings? A. Lateral epicondylitis B. Ulnar neuritis C. Medial epicondylitis D. Pronator teres syndrome E. MCL sprain

B. Ulnar neuritis

A complication from a forearm fracture that can lead to ischemic necrosis of the forearm muscles is called: A. nightstick fracture. B. Volkmann's contracture. C. septic bursitis. D. Little League elbow. E. forearm splints.

B. Volkmann's contracture

Which nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis? A. Radial B. Ulnar C. Median D. Anterior interosseous E. Posterior interosseous

C. Median

A step-off deformity of the olecranon is a sign associated with which of the following injuries? A. Nightstick fracture B. Biceps brachii rupture C. Triceps Brachii rupture D. Olecranon bursitis E. Olecranon fracture

C. Triceps Brachii rupture

Which of the following ligaments provides stability to the proximal radioulnar joint during movements that involve twisting or rotating of the elbow? A. radial collateral ligament B. ulnar collateral ligament C. annular ligament D. accessory collateral ligament E. quadrate ligament

C. annular ligament

In this test, the examiner stabilizes the patient's flexed elbow. The patient is instructed to make a fist and pronate the forearm. Next, the patient is instructed to radially deviate and extend the wrist against the examiner's resistance. A positive finding on this test indicates which of the following conditions? A. Pulled-elbow syndrome B. Supinator muscle strain C. Lateral epicondylitis D. Medial epicondylitis E. Pronator teres syndrome

C. lateral epicondylitis

The majority of ruptures involving the triceps tendon are accompanied by which of the following? A. Nerve palsy B. Biceps brachii rupture C. Olecranon avulsion fracture D. Coronoid fracture E. Radial head fracture

C. olecranon avulsion fracture

Compression due to hypertrophy of the _________ can impinge on the median nerve leading to weakness in the finger flexors. A. brachialis muscle B. flexor carpi ulnaris muscle C. pronator teres muscle D. flexor carpi radialis muscle E. supinator muscle

C. pronator teres muscle

The annular ligament serves as the primary static stabilizer for which of the following joints? A. humeroradial joint B. trocho ginglymus joint C. proximal radioulnar joint D. distal radial ulnar joint E. humeroulnar joint

C. proximal radioulnar joint

Repetitive, valgus forces placed on the arm during the acceleration phase of throwing is the most common mechanism of injury for: A. "tackler's exostosis" B. "tennis elbow" C. "student's elbow" D. "little league elbow" E. "Nursemaid's elbow"

D. "little league elbow"

As part of an elbow assessment, the athletic trainer performs an elbow flexion test for ulnar neuritis. What constitutes a positive finding? A. Tingling or numbness in the ulnar distribution pattern of the upper arm, forearm, and hand B. Inability to perform wrist extension C. Inability to perform ulnar deviation D. Tingling or numbness in the ulnar distribution pattern of the forearm and hand E. Inability to pinch the tip of the index finger and the thumb together

D. Tingling or numbness in the ulnar distribution pattern of the forearm and hand

Which of the following muscles assists the triceps brachii with performing elbow extension? A. Extensor digitorum B. Extensor carpi ulnaris C. Extensor carpi radialis D. Anconeus E. Brachioradialis

D. anconeus

After a hyperextension injury, palpable anterior joint pain, particularly on the anteromedial side, is more commonly attributed to acute: A. collateral ligament damage. B. strain of the wrist flexors. C. ulnar nerve compression. D. anterior capsulitis. E. arterial impairment.

D. anterior capsulitis

What is the close-packed position of the humeroulnar joint? A. Supination B. Pronation C. Hyperextension D. Extension E. Flexion

D. extension

Forearm pronation and supination occur about a _______ joint at the elbow. A. condyloid B. hinge C. gliding D. pivot E. saddle

D. pivot

Contusion of the radial nerve during a blow to the elbow will exhibit signs of A. sensory deficit of the middle finger. B. transitory paralysis of the flexors of the arm. C. sensory deficit of the ring finger. D. transitory paralysis of the extensors of the forearm. E. transitory paralysis of the flexors of the forearm.

D. transitory paralysis of the extensors of the forearm.

A Tinel's sign that produces numbness and tingling down the medial aspect of the forearm into the fourth and fifth finger is indicative of pathology involving which nerve? A. Median antebrachial cutaneous B. Median C. Radial D. Ulnar E. Anterior interosseous

D. ulnar

The common interosseous artery is a branch of the: A. subsacpular. B. brachial. C. radial artery. D. ulnar artery. E. axillary.

D. ulnar artery

A 21-year-old male was playing ultimate Frisbee. He collided with another player as he was reaching for the Frisbee and heard a pop on the medial aspect of his right elbow. He presents with localized pain on the medial aspect of his elbow, swelling, and pain that increases with valgus stress. What condition should be suspected? A. strain of the pronator teres muscle B. dislocation of the radial head C. radial collateral ligament sprain D. ulnar collateral ligament sprain E. anterior capsulitis

D. ulnar collateral ligament sprain

The ligament that encircles the radial head and attaches it to the ulna is the: A. accessory collateral ligament B. ulnar collateral ligament C. quadrate ligament D. radial collateral ligament E. annular ligament

E. annular ligament

The ligament that stabilizes and encircles the head of the radius is the: A. accessory ligament. B. quadrate ligament. C. ulnar collateral. D. radial collateral. E. annular ligament.

E. annular ligament

After a fall on an outstretched arm that results in valgus stress to the elbow, an athlete has normal range of motion with elbow flexion and extension. However, passive pronation and supination is both painful and restricted. What injury should be suspected? A. humeral fracture B. ulnar dislocation C. proximal ulnar fracture D. lateral collateral ligament rupture E. fracture to the radial head

E. fracture to the radial head

A basketball player has fallen on the tip of the elbow. There is immediate isolated swelling over the apex of the elbow. What condition should be suspected? A. epicondylitis B. ulnar fracture C. ruptured triceps muscle D. distal humerus fracture E. olecranon bursitis

E. olecranon bursitis