CH. 19

A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is most likely characterized by a(n)

elderly woman without a previous history of MI.

Which statement is true about the incidence of heart failure? (Select all that apply.)

-Heart failure is the fastest-growing cardiac disorder. -The increasing incidence and hospitalization rates of heart failure reflect the aging population in the United States. -The incidence of heart failure is 10 per 1000 population after age 65.

A patient with forward effects of heart failure may present with which symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

-Impaired memory -Mental fatigue -Confusion

A patient's ECG lacks recognizable waveforms and is deemed to be in sinus arrest. The patient's sinus arrest may be a result of (Select all that apply.)

-MI. -electrical shock. -electrolyte disturbance. -acidosis.

A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing

acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in ________.

hypertrophy

Lusitropic impairment refers to

impaired diastolic relaxation.

A patient with heart failure who reports intermittent shortness of breath during the night is experiencing

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit

pulmonary congestion with dyspnea.

Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they

reduce cardiac output.

The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is

reduced cardiac output.

The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of

reentry mechanisms.

Cor pulmonale refers to

right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension.

A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is

serum potassium.

The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is

digitalis.

An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of

premature ventricular complexes.

First-degree heart block is characterized by

prolonged PR interval.

Left-sided heart failure is characterized by

pulmonary congestion.

Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells.

renin

After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence o

right-sided heart failure.

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

pulmonary stenosis.

Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by

lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave.

In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/min

Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class?

Class I

Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom?

Edema

A patient has heart failure with a normal ejection fraction. Which findings are most likely found in this patient? (Select all that apply.)

-Pulmonary congestion -Edema -Ejection fraction less than 45%

Dysrhythmias are significant since they (Select all that apply.)

-can indicate an underlying disorder -can impair cardiac output

Right-sided heart failure is usually a consequence of (Select all that apply.)

-elevated right ventricular afterload. -right ventricular infarction.

The most common causes of heart failure are (Select all that apply.)

-myocardial ischemia -hypertension

A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/min on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm?

Ventricular escape rhythm

First-degree block is identified by a prolonged ________.

PR interval

Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?

Preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome)