Ch. 19 French Revolution Test

How was France's annual budget being spent prior to the revolution? (Pg. 619)

50% to interest payments on debt 25% to maintaining military 6% absorbed by royal family and court Less than 20% to productive functions of the state

What did the Concordat do? (Page 636)

Agreement between the Pope and Napoleon The Pope obtained the right for French Catholics to practice religion freely Napoleon gained political power, with the ability to nominate bishops and pay the clergy, and exerted great influence over the church

What was Olympe de Gouges message to France? (Page 627)

Equal rights for women Protested the evils of slavery and female injustice

What is the Third Estate? (According to Abbe Sieyes). What did he mean by that? (Page 622)

Everything; laws should be more aimed to suit the Third Estate.

How did Jacobins react to political activity among women?

They banned them from meeting together and executed Olympe de Gouges

Why did the French army win victory after victory after the winter of 1793-94? (Page 627)

They found support among some peasants and middle-class people where they went, also... NATIONALISM

Why did Great Britain raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760s? (Page 615)

They had a lot of debt from the Seven Years' War

How did France's central government in Paris manage to regain control over the provinces and gain momentum in the fight against the First Coalition by July 1794?

They used terror tactics and the Committee of Public Safety to rule out internal and external threats (thanks Graham)

Who did liberals in 18th century Europe believe should actually vote? (Page 613)

White males "with a stake in society" (who owned property

How did the National Assembly restore order after the Great Fear (1789)?

With a surprise maneuver abolishing all old noble privileges (peasant serfdom, exclusive hunting rights, fees for having legal cases judged in the lord's court, the right to make peasants work on the roads, and a host of other dues) and tithes to the church.

What were the results of Napoleon's Continental System? (Page 637)

It failed. Britain set up a counter-blockade, and Napoleon used Russia as a scapegoat. Napoleon invaded Russia but was defeated by Russian winter (why do people keep invading Russia in the winter...it's not going to work)

How was the war of Haitian Independence resolved after L'Ouverture was deported? (Page 643)

Jean Jacques Dessalines led the Haitians to a crushing victory over the French forces. Independence was declared in 1804.

The men who were elected to represent the Third Estate at the 1789 Estates General were mostly... (Page 620)

Lawyers and Government officials

What kinds of laws were passed by the National Assembly from 1789-1791?

Abolished all old noble privileges (serfdom, exclusive hunting rights, legal fees, right to make peasants work on roads, etc) and abolished tithes. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. LIBERAL ideas

What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen guarantee?

Equality before the law, representative government for a sovereign people, and individual freedom.

What TWO fundamental principles of the French Rev were incorporated into the Napoleonic Code? (Page 635)

Equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property, and restricting rights accorded to women

Who made up the 3rd estate by legal definition?

Everyone who was not a noble or clergyman

How did Louis XV lose his "sacred authority" in the eyes of the French people? (Page 619)

Louis XV's mistress was of low birth (Madame de Pompadour)

Why was slavery abolished on Saint-Domingue in 1793? (Page 642)

So they could have more soldiers to fight for France

What happened in the summer of 1789 that drove the National Assembly toward more radical action? (Page 623)

The Great Fear: peasants began to rise in insurrection against their lords, ransacking manor houses and burning feudal documents that recorded their obligation. Fear of marauders and vagabonds hired by vengeful landlords seized the rural poor and fanned the flames of rebellion

Define the "Grand Empire" of Napoleon. (Page 637)

The empire over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Russia and Great Britain

What was the immediate result of the Women's March on Versailles? (Pg. 624)

The king moved to Paris and virtually became a prisoner there.

Though both Great Britain and Holland had greater debt than France in the 18th century, why did France have a harder time managing theirs? (Page 619)

They couldn't tax the clergy or nobility

How did delegates to the Legislative Assembly (1791) differ from the delegates of the Estates General Assembly (1789)? (Page 627)

They were younger and less cautious.

The LOYALIST faction in the American Revolution tended to come from among which groups?

Those who maintained an allegiance to the Crown; wealthy and politically moderate; more in the Deep South and western frontier

The purpose of the Committee of Public Safety was... (Page 628)

To try enemies of the nation for political crimes

What was the mixed message to those conquered by the French Revolutionary armies?

Liberal ideas but they plundered and mass conscripted those they conquered

How did Europe's monarchy's reactions towards the French Revolution evolve from 1789-1791? (Page 627)

At first, kings and nobles of Europe supported the revolution, as it weakened France. Later, they feared its impact and spread, becoming very willing to intervene and support the French monarchy.

How did the National Assembly respond to Saint Domingue's different social groups? (Page 641)

At first, they didn't support free people of color, fearing slave insurrection and independence. After Vincent Ogé's rebellion, they granted political rights to free people of color born to two free parents who possessed sufficient property

What was Napoleon's "back story"? (Page 634)

Born in Corsica into an impoverished noble family in 1769, Napoleon left hoe and became a lieutenant in the French artillery in 1785. Eventually, he was placed in command of French forces in Italy, winning brilliant victories. When he learned of plots against the Directory, he joined them and maneuvering himself to be viewed as a military hero.

What British critic of the French Revolution wrote Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790)? (Pg. 626)

Edmund Burke

Why did the National Convention turn against Robespierre? (Page 631)

He sent too many people to the guillotine, so that people were concerned that they would be next.