Ch. 19 Smartbook--The Gram + Bacilli of Medical Importance
Which species are responsible for the majority of clostridial tissue and wound infections?
C. perfringens C. novyi C. septicum
Which of the following are the main food-borne sources of listeriosis?
Contaminated poultry Contaminated dairy products Contaminated meat
The three genera in the irregular non-spore-forming bacilli group with the greatest clinical significance include _____________, ______________, and _____________.
Corynebacterium Mycobacterium Nocardia
Which of the following is a regular non-spore-forming Gram-positive bacillus pathogen?
Listeria monocytogenes
Which of the following are the predominant pathogens among the regular non-spore-forming Gram-positive bacilli?
Listeria monocytogenes Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Acid-fast staining is used to diagnose infections by which group of organisms?
Mycobacterium
Unlike most pathogens, which bacterium does not produce exotoxins or enzymes that contribute to virulence, instead relying on waxes and a cord factor to evade the immune system?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Which are the genera in the irregular non-spore-forming bacilli group with the greatest clinical significance?
Nocardia Corynebacterium Mycobacterium
Select three correct descriptions of Bacillus anthracis, the causative organism of anthrax.
Nonmotile rod Forms endospores Gram positive
Which of the following characteristics can be used to differentiate between the genera Bacillus and Clostridium?
Oxygen requirements
Which of the following characteristics can differentiate between the genera Bacillus and Clostridium?
Oxygen requirements Presence of catalase
The first documented case of syphilis was ________________.
Staphylococcus aureus
How are clostridial infections acquired?
They are acquired through contamination of injured skin.
The gram-positive bacilli can be subdivided into __________ general groups based on the presence or absence of ___________ and the characteristic of acid-fastness.
Three endospores
Clostridial exotoxins are some of the most potent poisons on earth.
True
True or False: Clostridial exotoxins are some of the most potent poisons on earth.
True
Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans are referred to as ___________.
zoonotic
The major source for infection with L. monocytogenes is _____________.
contaminated foods
When infected tissue is stained in a special way and observed under the microscope, Mycobacterium tuberculosis appears as a grouping of massed filaments called ________________ that are red in color due to ______________-fast staining.
cords acid
M. tuberculosis is a long, thin, rod that grows in strands called _____________ which appear red with _____________ stain.
cords, acid-fast
XDR-TB stands for _________________ drug-resistant tuberculosis.
extensively
Like many pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces exotoxins that contribute to its virulence.
false
Animal handlers can minimize their risk of erysipeloid by wearing protective _________________.
gloves
Most botulism outbreaks occur in _____________-processed foods, including canned vegetables, smoked meats and cheese spreads.
home
Which poses the highest risk for botulism?
home-processed foods
The two major categories of Clostridial disease are food ____________ from ingesting toxins and wound/tissue ____________.
intoxication infections
Propionibacterium acnes is a ___________________.
member of the normal biota
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ________________ ________________ tuberculosis.
multidrug-resistant
The pathogen causing gas gangrene is Clostridium __________________, the pathogen causing botulism is Clostridium _________________, and the pathogen causing tetanus is Clostridium ___________.
perfringens botulinum tetani
The majority of clostridial soft tissue and wound infections are caused by three species: C. ____________, C. ____________, and C. ____________.
perfringens novyi septicum
A preventive measure for curtailing the spread of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is to vaccinate ____________.
pigs
Members of the genus Clostridium are gram-______________ spore-forming _______________.
positive Bacilli
Clostridial diseases are often caused by ___________.
release of exotoxins
Which of the following are pathogens belonging to the genus Clostridium?
tetani botulinum perfringens
The circulation of toxins in the blood is called _____________.
toxemia
What is used to subdivide the gram-positive bacilli into three general groups?
Acid-fast staining properties Presence of endospores
Most endospore-forming bacteria are members of which two genera?
Bacillus Clostridium
Endospore-forming bacteria that are gram-positive, motile, rod-shaped forms are mostly found in two genera: __________________ and _________________.
Bacillus Clostridium.
Which of the following are characteristics of Bacillus anthracis?
Degrades complex macromolecules Facultative anaerobe Large gram-positive bacillus Endospore former
Patient noncompliance in tuberculosis therapy leads to which of the following?
Emergence of drug-resistant strains
Clostridial diseases are often caused by the release of potent _________.
Exotoxins
Some of the most poisonous substances on earth are produced as ________________ by Clostridium species.
Exotoxins
Clostridial infections are usually communicable.
False
Which of the following represent the two major categories of clostridial disease?
Food intoxications Wound/tissue infections
Which of the following describe the characteristics of Clostridium?
Gram positive Rods Catalase negative
Which of the following are correct about Propionibacterium acnes?
It is a member of normal microflora of humans. It is found on human skin and the upper respiratory tract.
The general type of staining procedure that is used to diagnose the tuberculosis bacterium based upon its cell wall structure is known as the _______________-fast stain.
acid
A serum globulin that neutralizes a specific toxin is called a(n) _____________.
antitoxin
A(n) ______ is an immunoglobulin that blocks or neutralizes the action of a specific toxin.
antitoxin
