ch 19.1, 19.4 Bio

Why are protists different from other eukaryotes?

Do not develop complex reproductive structures (such as embryos) The Phylum of Kingdom Protista are all very different from one another

"Animal-like" Protists Characteristics

Unicellular Capture/eat organisms for nutrition (heterotrophs) Most can move Asexual reproduction (binary fission)

Why doesn't spraying water on a slime mold work to destroy them?

Because it just spreads their spores

Describe how slime molds help other organisms within an ecosystem obtain nutrients

- They decomposed dead matter which releases nutrients that plants can absorb and then the cycle starts again

What observable traits might green algae and plants share that support the molecular evidence that these two groups are closely related?

- both are green, have chloroplasts, are eukaryotic, and are sometimes multicellular

At one time, scientists grouped all single-celled organisms together. What are the main differences between single-celled protists and bacteria or Achaea?

- protists are eukaryotic which means that they have cells that have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles while bacteria/Achaea are prokaryotic and therefore they do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles in their cells

Give two reasons why protists are difficult to classify

- some protists are very distantly related are some are more related to species in other kingdoms than they are to each other - the definition of protists is based on the absence of traits that characterize other kingdoms

3 Major Groups of Protists

1. "Animal-like" Protists (Phylum Protozoa) 2. "Fungi-like" Protists 3. "Plant-like" Protists

3 Types of "Fungi-like" Protists

1. Slime Molds 2. Water Molds 3. Downy Mildews

How do "fungi-like" protists obtain nutrition?

Absorb nutrients from the environment

"Fungi-like" Protists Characteristics

Absorb nutrients from the environment (heterotrophs) Most are unicellular Cell walls made of carbohydrates

Protists that obtain nutrition by capturing and eating organisms

All "Animal-like" Protists

Protists that obtain nutrition by absorbing nutrients from the environment

All "Fungi-like" Protists

Protists that obtain nutrition by photosynthesis

All "Plant-like" Protists

How do "animal-like" protists obtain nutrition?

Capture/eat organisms (heterotrophs)

Kingdom Protista Characteristics

Eukaryotes Multicellular (some unicellular) Sexual reproduction (Some asexual) Both autotrophs and heterotrophs Some have cell walls (made of carbohydrates), some don't

Protist

Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi ("misfits")

Slime Molds Characteristics

Multicellular (colonies) AND unicellular Move with pseudopodia Mainly found in soil

Water Molds & Downy Mildews

Multicellular AND unicellular Feed on decaying tissue (dead algae, dead animals, rotten logs, etc.) Parasitic (harmful) - Plant pathogens, cause disease in fish

How do "plant-like" protists obtain nutrition?

Photosynthesis (autotrophs)

Benefits of Protists

Produce half of the earth's oxygen Consume carbon dioxide (reduces global warming) Form the base of aquatic food chains Supplies coral reef with nutrients Used for scientific research Algae helps thicken food products