Ch. 2 Quiz

(Matching): What are long, flexible fibers that are strong but do not stretch?

Collagen fibers

(Matching #2): What is the tissue that forms the inner layers of the body & linings of organs?

Endoderm

The function of lysosomes is to: A. break down particles or worn-out cellular components. B. convert food materials into energy. C. produce digestive enzymes and antibody proteins. D. aid in cell division.

A. break down particles or worn-out cellular components

What is programmed cell death?

Apoptosis

What is the reduction in the size of cells in response to less favorable conditions?

Atrophy

Match the terms below to the correct definitions. ___ Metaplasia ___ Hypertrophy ___ Atrophy ___ Neoplasia ___ Hyperplasia ___ Apoptosis ___ Necrosis ___ Dysplasia A. Programmed cell death B. A change from one type of cell to another type better able to tolerate adverse conditions C. Disturbed or abnormal development and maturation of cells D. Structural changes occurring in dead cells E. Reduction in the size of cells in response to less favorable conditions F. An increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to an increased number of cells G. An increase in the size of individual cells H. Development of a mass of abnormal cells called a tumor

B___ Metaplasia G___ Hypertrophy E___ Atrophy H___ Neoplasia F___ Hyperplasia A___ Apoptosis D___ Necrosis C___ Dysplasia

The normal osmolarity of blood and body fluids is 300 Osm/L. A person with severe diabetes and a greatly elevated blood glucose has a blood osmolarity of 370 Osm/L. Which of the following events will result from the increased osmolarity? A. No water shifts will occur between the cells and the extracellular fluids as a result of the higher osmolarity of the subject's blood and body fluids. B. Water shifts by osmosis from the extracellular fluid into the cells. C. Water shifts by osmosis from the cells into the extracellular fluid (ECF). D. Equal amounts of water move from the cells into the ECF and from the ECF into the cells, and thus, there is no net change in the water content of either the cells or the ECF.

C. Water shifts by osmosis from the cells into the extracellular fluid (ECF).

An organ system is composed of: A. three distinct layers called germ layers B. connective and supporting tissues C. a group of organs organized to perform complementary functions D. muscle and nerve tissues

C. a group of organs organized to perform complementary functions

Paracrine & endocrine refer to types of what?

Cell signaling

What is the disturbed or abnormal development and maturation of cells?

Dysplasia

(Matching #2): What makes up the tissues that form external covering of the body that contact the external environment?

Ectoderm

(Matching): What fibers stretch readily & return to their former shape?

Elastic fibers

(T/F): Various supporting tissues such as cartilage and bone are derived from the endoderm

FALSE

(T/F): During contraction of a muscle fiber, actin filaments slide outward & lengthen the fiber.

FALSE (shorten)

What is an increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to an increased number of cells?

Hyperplasia

What is an increase in the size of individual cells?

Hypertrophy

(Matching #2): What is the collection of cells that give rise to the distinct germ layers?

Inner cell mass

(Matching): What is an extracellular material into which various fibers are imbedded?

Matrix

(Matching #2): What is the tissue that is used for support, motion, circulation, urination & generation?

Mesoderm

What is a change from one type of cell to another type better able to tolerate adverse conditions?

Metaplasia

What are the structural changes occurring in dead cells?

Necrosis

What is the development of a mass of abnormal cells called a tumor?

Neoplasia

The activities of the cell are directed by which cell structure?

Nucleus

Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes & centrioles are all examples of what?

Organelles

(Matching): What are thin, delicate fibers that form in a fine meshwork to support organs such as the liver?

Reticular fibers

(T/F): Endocrine glands discharge their secretions from exocrine glands discharge through ducts.

TRUE

(T/F): Neoplasia is a term for dysplastic cells that undergo malignant transformation.

TRUE

T/F: Specific types of cells often can be identified by examining structures called intermediate filaments in cytoskeleton.

True

Which test is based on echoes produced in tissues by high-frequency waves?

Ultrasound examination

Which of the following best describes epithelium? a. Endothelium is a type of stratified, squamous epithelium b. Mesothelium is a type of flat epithelium lining the pleural cavity & external surface of the lung c. Cartilage is a type of modified epithelium d. Epithelium consists of small groups of cells dispersed in large amount of extracellular material called matrix

b. Mesothelium is a type of flat epithelium lining the pleural cavity & external surface of the lung

The function of lysosomes is to:

break down particles or worn-out cellular components