CH 20 BLOOD VESSELS QUIZ UPDATED 3-2-22

Heart rate and stroke volume decrease with a decrease in parasympathetic stimulation.

False

Increased sympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation, bringing elevated blood pressure back to normal.

False

Septic shock results from exposure to an antigen to which a person is allergic, such as bee venom.

False

Blood usually passes through one network of capillaries from the time it leaves the heart until the time it returns, but there are exceptions, notably the __________.

portal systems and anastomoses

How is increased muscle perfusion during exercise accomplished? Check all that apply.

-Arterioles dilate in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine -Precapillary sphincters dilate in response to muscle metabolites such as lactic acid, CO2, and adenosine -Blood is diverted from other organs such as the digestive tract and kidneys to meet the needs of the working muscles.

1. In which of these blood vessels will the blood encounter the highest resistance? 2. As blood vessel length increases, what happens to peripheral resistance and blood pressure? 3. Nitric oxide is released by exercising muscle cells and causes vasodilation in nearby blood vessels. What effect (if any) will nitric oxide have on blood flow?

1. An arteriole with a diameter of 0.25 millimeters 2.Both peripheral resistance and blood pressure increase 3. Nitric oxide causes an increase in local blood flow.

Drag each label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins.

Arteries -Loosely termed "resistance vessels" -Loosely termed "pressure reservoirs" -Usually carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body -Pulsatile flow of blood -Exhibit greater ability to alter vessel diameter Veins -Loosely referred to as "capacitance vessels" -Contain the majority of blood at any one time. -Provide for relatively consistent velocity of blood flow -Collapsed when empty -Rely on the respiratory and skeletal muscular pumps to propel blood.

Where are baroreceptors found?

Carotid sinuses

Indicate whether the given condition would increase or decrease blood flow with all other factors being equal.

Increased Flow -Increasing vessel radius -Increasing blood pressure -Increasing blood velocity -Aldosterone hypersecretion Decreased Flow -Increasing blood viscosity -Increasing vessel length -Increasing red blood cell count -Dehydration -Vasoconstriction -Increased resistance

Which of the following will not increase the heart rate?

Increased blood pressure

Which of the following contains chemoreceptors?

Medulla oblongata

Increased sympathetic stimulation causes increased heart rate and stroke volume.

True

Diastolic pressure is the minimum arterial blood pressure occurring during which of the following?

Ventricular relaxation

What is the main chemical stimulus for cerebral autoregulation?

pH

Which of the following is not a mechanism that assists venous return?

Central venous pressure being greater than pressure in the venules

Choose the accurate statements regarding the effects of edema. Check all that apply.

-Cerebral edema can produce headaches, nausea, and sometimes delirium, seizures, and coma. -As the tissues become congested with fluid, oxygen delivery and waste removal are impaired and the tissues may begin to die. -Pulmonary edema presents a threat of suffocation as fluid replaces air in the lungs

Edema may be caused by which of the following? Check all that apply.

-Increased capillary filtration -Reduced capillary reabsorption -Obstructed lymphatic drainage

Correctly label the following anatomical features of a hepatic sinusoid.

-Macrophage -Endothelial cells -Erythrocytes in sinusoid -Liver cell -Microvilli -Sinusoid

Which substances leave the blood by diffusing directly through the plasma membrane of endothelial cells? Check all that apply.

-Oxygen -Steroid hormones -Carbon dioxide

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position.

-The [aorta] is the first vessel blood enters upon exiting the heart. -The [large (elastic) arteries] expand and recoil with every heart beat due to a histologically dominant network of elastic tissue in the tunica media -Just prior to entering capillary beds, [arterioles] have become extremely thin and present only a few layers of smooth muscle. -The site of gaseous exchange, or [capillaries], are characterized by extremely thin walls with only endothelium and basal lamina, which better suits diffusional requirements. -After exiting the capillary, [venules] contain no muscle and are the first vessel that blood enters on its way back to the heart. -The [medium veins] contain abundant but irregularly spaced smooth muscle with frequent valves present in the tunica interna -The superior vena cava is an example of a [large vein] that includes smooth muscle circularly and longitudinally arranged in the tunica media and externa, respectively.

Which of the following occur during a period of exercise? Check all that apply.

-The sympathetic nervous system can selectively reduce blood flow to the kidneys and digestive tract. -The sympathetic nervous system can increase perfusion of the skeletal muscles. -Metabolite accumulation in a tissue can stimulate local vasodilation.

1. Blood vessel walls contain elastin, a protein that allows the vessel to stretch under high pressure. Which type of blood vessel do you expect will have the highest concentration of elastin in its walls? 2. Which do you expect to have the lowest blood pressure? 3. When taking blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer, which of the following is true of the diastolic BP?

1. Arteries 2. A vein leading directly to the right atrium 3. It is recorded after the last pulse sound is heard

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. 1. sphincters 2. reduces 3. diverted 4. fill

1. Capillary beds have precapillary sphincters at the junction of capillaries and the metarteriole. 2. Constriction of these sphincters reducesthe blood flow through their respective capillaries. 3. When this occurs, blood is diverted to tissue or organs elsewhere. 4.When the sphincters are open, blood will fill the capillary bed.

Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.

1. Conducting arteries 2. Distributing arteries 3. Resistance asrteries 4. Arterioles 5. Capillaries 6. Post- capillary venules 7. Muscular venules 8. Medium veins 9. Venous sinuses 10. Large vein

1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding hypertension and the loss of elastin? 2. Which of the following types of medications might be useful in treating high blood pressure?

1. If the arteries become less stretchy, the heart will have to work harder to eject blood. 2. A medication that reduces blood volume by increasing urination

Match each of the options above to the items below. 1 Fenestrated Capillaries 2 Continuous capillaries 3 Sinusoids

1. Organs that engage in rapid absorption or filtration of small molecules (e.g. small intestine, kidneys) 2. Most tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle) 3. Areas where large proteins and cells need to enter or leave the bloodstream (e.g. liver and spleen)

1. As training progresses and blood viscosity increases, what will happen to peripheral resistance in the athlete? 2. As training progresses and blood viscosity increases, what will happen to resistance and blood flow in the athlete?

1. Peripheral resistance will increase. 2. Blood flow will decrease as peripheral resistance increases, so the athlete's heart will have to work harder to compensate.

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. 1. systolic blood pressure 2. mean arterial pressure 3. diastolic blood pressure 4. pulse pressure

1. The highest pressure exerted on the arterial walls during the heart cycle is referred to as systolic blood pressure . 2. When one third of pulse pressure is added to the diastolic pressure, a good estimate of mean arterial pressure is obtained. 3.The diastolic blood pressure is measured when the heart is relaxing and represents the lowest pressure exerted in the walls of the arteries during the heart cycle. 4. Subtracting the SBP from the DBP results in pulse pressurewhich is directly proportional to the overall strength of one's pulse.

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. 1. redirected 2. intestines 3. more 4. arterioles

1.Blood flow is redirected according to metabolic needs. 2. After a meal the intestines receive priority and the skeletal muscles receive very little flow. 3. During exercise the skeletal muscles receive more blood flow. 4.Most of the redirection will occur in the arterioles.

Approximately what percent of fluid that exits the capillaries at the arterial end reenters the capillaries at the venous end?

90%

Which term refers to the feedback response to blood pressure changes?

Baroreflex

Which of the following is not detected by chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies?

Blood pressure

Read the statements below and determine the stage of shock to which they belong.

Compensated Shock -Life-threatening positive feedback loops occur -Poor cardiac output result in myocardial ischemia and infraction -Slow circulation of the blood can lead to DIC -Half of those who go into this type of shock die from it Compensated Shock -Hypotension triggers the production of angiotensin II -Hypotension triggers the baroflex -Brings about spontaneous recovery -When a person falls to a horizontal position, gravity restores blood flow to brain

Match each types of shock with its definition.

Neurogenic Shock -Form of venous pooling shock that results from a sudden loss of vasomotor tone Anaphylactic Shock -Result from exposure to an antigen to which a person is allergic Cardiogenic Shock -Caused by inadequate pumping by the heart. Septic Shock -Occurs when bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increased capillary permeability Circulatory Shock -Any state in which cardiac output is insufficient to meet the body`s metabolic needs. Hypovolemic Shock -Produced by a loss of blood volume as a result of hemorrhage, trauma, etc. Obstructed Venous Return Shock -Occurs when any object compresses a vein and impedes its blood flow. Low Venous Return Shock -Occurs when cardiac output is low because too little blood is returning to the heart.

Why does exercise increase venous return?

The heart beats faster and harder increasing cardiac output and pressure.

Why do fluids leave the capillaries at the arterial end?

The net filtration pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end than it is at the venous end.

What is(are) the physiological purposes of vasoreflexes?

To cause a generalized raising or lowering of blood pressure throughout the body and to selectively modify the perfusion of a particular organ by rerouting blood from one region of the body to another

The cerebral arteries dilate when the systemic BP drops and constrict when it rises.

True

The net osmotic pressure is equal at both the arterial and the venous ends of the capillary.

True

When a person is still, blood accumulates in the limbs because venous pressure is not high enough to override the weight of the blood and drive it upward.

True