Ch 22 Study Guide

25. What caused most American deaths in the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War?

379 combat deaths, the rest were from yellow fever (malaria) and typhoid and died in the U.S. before leaving camp.

8. What were William H. Seward's beliefs about expansion?

America will acquire an empire with out war because of the natural process of gravitation toward the U.S.

34. What did the acquisition of the Philippine Islands lead to for the United States?

Americanization of the island and its peoples.

22. Why did the United States declare war on Spain in 1898?

Because the President was tired of having disruption so close to U.S. borders and Spain's concessions were not enough to satisfy the President.

3. Why did American business people and farmers become more interested in foreign expansion?

Because they were producing more than could be consumed at home

31. Why was William Jennings Bryan in favor of the Treaty of Paris?

Bryan backed the treaty but only, he said, to hurry the process toward Philippine independence

21. What was an immediate result of the sinking of the Maine?

Congress quickly authorized the President's request for funds in defense of the U.S. and the Cuban people.

17. What happened prior to the annexation of Hawaii?

Constitution of 1887, Seizure and imprisonment of the Hawaiian government, which was plotted by American planters and carried out with the assistance of the U.S. navy sailors from the USS Boston. Prior to the U.S. annexing though President Cleveland had an investigation to see if the Hawaiians wanted to be annexed and realizing they did not he let the annexation treaty drop. President McKinley pushed annexation through the Senate when he realized its military importance in getting to Asia, particularly the Philippines.

6. What caused the crisis with Japan in 1906 and led to the gentleman's agreement with Tokyo?

Decision by San Francisco school board to segregate Japanese, Chinese, and Korean students in a special school

48. What was the economic policy between the U.S. and Mexico like in 1910?

Americans capitalized on the countries resources and with economic power took control of the government. Ex) Mexico's mines and Rail roads

40. What is the United Fruit Company and why is it important?

Became a dominant economic & political force in Central America

2. What happened to leaders who favored economic expansion but not annexation?

Gradually lost ground to those who advocated both formal and informal imperialism

19. What is the Venezuelan crisis?

Great Britain and Venezuela were arguing over a boundary that was rich in mineral deposits. The U.S. helped to negotiate the dispute and pretty much gave Great Britain everything they wanted. This is an indication of the rights of smaller nations are not considered when 2 major powers confront each other.

12. What was the result of the Samoan crisis in the 1880s?

Great Britain, Germany and the U.S. agreed to a 3 part protectorate over the Samoan Islands, with the U.S. having control of Pago Pago, the British eventually bowed out of this arrangement with the agreement that they would gain control of the Gilbert islands.

38. What was the ideology behind the Open Door Policy?

closing of any area or markets to U.S. products, citizens or ideas threatens the survival of the U.S.

23. What is the Teller Amendment?

disclaimed any U.S. intention to annex or control Cuba except to ensure the pacification of the people

24. What do the Cuban crisis and Venezuelan crisis have in common?

In both instances the U.S. insisted that it would set the rules of conduct in the Western Hemisphere (Monroe Doctrine)

28. What were the provisions of the Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War?

Independence for Cuba, cession of Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico to the U.S. The U.S. would pay $20 million for the territories acquired

36. The Boxer Rebellion, what was the goal, what was the result?

It was brought to an end when imperialist nations including the U.S. sent in troops to China.

4. What would be possible consequences of race-based explanations for expansion?

Justified domination & war because they fostered the belief that superior people do not negotiate with inferior people.

45. What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?

Justifies U.S. intervention in Latin America to ensure that debts are paid to European countries

13. What did Captain Alfred T. Mahan argue the United States needed?

Mahan argued that the U.S. needed a strong and efficient navy to protect our trade routes and businesses overseas.

27. What was the first news that the American people heard about the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War?

Navy's defeat of the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay, The Philippines

26. How were African American soldiers treated during the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War?

Segregated regiments No relief from Jim Crow or racism

9. What was Willliam H. Seward successful in acquiring for the United States?

Seward was successful in acquiring Alaska and Midway island for the U.S.

1. What did American foreign relations leaders believe, between 1865 and 1914?

That the U.S. exertion abroad would help maintain prosperity at home.

15. What was Frederick Jackson Turner's frontier thesis?

The American culture has been shaped by the ever expanding continental frontier, with that coming to an end our culture will be stymied or suppressed.

11. How was the Alabama dispute resolved?

The British apologized for constructing the ships and attacking Union vessels and accepted the findings of an independent tribunal and paid the U.S. a sum of money

32. 1899-1901 during this time period the U.S. used its military to suppress a struggle for independence in what country?

The Philippines

29. What did opponents of the Treaty of Paris say?

The annexation of areas populated by dark skinned peoples will undermine the Anglo Saxon purity of the society Violation of self determination Spoiled the character of the American people Double standard, liberty to some and not others Undercut laborers in U.S.

10. In what way did Cyrus Field assist in the expansion of American ideas overseas?

The first permanent underwater transatlantic cable was laid across the Atlantic and then to other areas

16. What were some of the reasons that annexationists in Hawaii plotted to overthrow the Hawaiian government?

To avoid paying the new American tariff on sugar, to protect foreigners rights in the Hawaiian political system.

49. What can be said about relations between the United States and Great Britain in the years following the Civil War? (2 similar questions on this topic) (post Civil War and pre WWI)

U.S. and Great Britain form a stronger bond over this time period, GB wanting to create an ally against Germany for possible future aggression.

20. What factors were involved in the Cuban revolution?

Unfair treatment by the Spanish towards the Cuban people, reconcentration camps, U.S. tax on imported sugar from Cuba hurt the economy.

18. Which President was in office when Hawaii was annexed?

William McKinley

46. What did each of the following countries have in common between 1990 and 1917? Cuba, Panama, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Haiti

all were occupied by US troops for a period of time

14. How did the United States rouse patriotism and support for expanding the Navy?

by naming the ships after big cities and states.

33. What was the result of the battle of Bud Dajo?

defeated the fight for independence by Muslim Filipinos of the Moro province

44. What is the rationale behind the Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?

he believed the U.S. should prevent outside interference and intervention in Latin America and the preservation of its own security required stability in the region

43. What was Teddy Roosevelt's response to Columbia's hard bargaining for the canal territory?

he encouraged the Panamanians to declare independence and sent U.S. warships to protect them and ensure their successful independence.

47. What were the overriding characteristics of the United States foreign policy in Latin America in early 20th century?

increasing control of the region through military and economic interventions.

41. What is the Platt Amendment?

it granted the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs to protect them from foreign interests

7. What ideas did most advocates for an American Empire espouse?

less fortunate people of other nations can not solve their problems & if they want to improve they should adopt the American model of development

42. What is the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty between the U.S. and Great Britain? (hint page 616)

provided for joint control of the canal

30. What was the anti-imperialist campaign against the Treaty of Paris?

same as listed above, and the fact that it was unorganized and had many mixed messages and that hindered the advancement of their arguments.

35. Why did the U.S. oppose spheres of influence in China?

such spheres of influence threatened U.S. trade with China

39. What was Teddy Roosevelt's view on decisions relating to foreign policy?

the executive branch needed to have supreme power to control foreign policy decisions

37. What was the primary intent of the Open Door notes of 1899 and 1901?

to protect U.S. commercial and economic interests in China