ch. 23
Which structure is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi? a) Trachea b) Larynx c) Nasopharynx d) Pharynx e) None of these choices
a) Trachea
The gas law that describes the pressure changes that occur during pulmonary ventilation is a) boyle's law b) charles' law c) henry's law d) the inhalation law e) the law of partial pressure.
a) boyle's law
The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called a) carina b) secondary bronchioles c) parietal pleura d) visceral pleura e) diaphragm
a) carina
The MOST important factor that determines the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is a) red blood count b) volume of the blood c) PO2 d) heart rate e) PCO2
c) PO2
Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus? a) Stratified squamous epithelium b) Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells c) Simple squamous epithelium d) Hyaline cartilage e) Columnar connective tissue with goblet cells
c) Simple squamous epithelium
When blood pH drops, the amount of oxyhemoglobin ________ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells ________. a) increases; increases b) increases; decreases c) decreases; increases d) decreases; decreases e) does not change; does not change
c) decreases; increases
During quiet inhalation, which respiratory muscles contract? a) Diaphragm and external intercostals b) Diaphragm and internal intercostals c) Internal and external intercostals d) Diaphragm and external obliques e) Diaphragm and internal obliques
a) Diaphragm and external intercostals
Where is the rhythmicity center for respiration? a) In the medulla b) In the pons c) In the cerebrum d) In the hypothalamus e) In the cerebellum
a) In the medulla
Which of the following is a passageway for air, food and water? a) Pharynx b) Larynx c) Paranasal sinuses d) Trachea e) Esophagus
a) Pharynx
An individual is suffering from gangrene. This is a condition where circulation to tissues is interrupted causing a serious reduction in oxygenation to these tissues. Anaerobic bacteria invade the tissues and must be treated. If antibiotics don't work, an intelligent treatment may include a) hyperbaric oxygenation b) fresh air c) drinking liquids with sodium chloride d) a reduction in ambient oxygen levels e) all of these are valid treatments.
a) hyperbaric oxygenation
Exhalation begins when a) inspiratory muscles relax b) diaphragm contracts c) blood circulation is the lowest d) inspiratory muscles relax and diaphragm contracts e) all of these choices.
a) inspiratory muscles relax
If an individual experiences a broken rib which is displaced sufficiently to puncture a lung, even though the outer skin is not punctured, he will most likely develop a) pneumothorax b) hemothorax c) atelectasis d) bronchiectasis e) cachexia.
a) pneumothorax b) hemothorax c) atelectasis
Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs? a) Stratified squamous epithelium with keratin b) Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium c) Ciliated cuboidal epithelium d) Ciliated transitional epithelium e) Columnar connective tissue
b) Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
During normal quiet breathing, which of the following stimulates the diaphragm? a) Pontine respiratory group b) Dorsal respiratory group c) Ventral respiratory group d) Dorsal and ventral respiratory groups e) All of the above
b) Dorsal respiratory group
Which of the following is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume? a) Total lung capacity b) Functional residual capacity c) Inspiratory capacity d) Vital capacity e) Minimal volume
b) Functional residual capacity
Which of the following are cells of the pulmonary alveoli that produce surfactant? a) Type I alveolar cells b) Type II alveolar cells c) Type III alveolar cells d) Surface cells e) Macrophages
b) Type II alveolar cells
Which structure prevents food or water from entering the larynx? a) Arytenoid cartilage b) Epiglottis c) Nasopharynx d) Thyroid cartilage e) Paranasal sinus
b) epiglottis
An individual suffers a blood clot in an artery that delivers blood to his leg. The leg begins to take on a blue hue, becomes colder than the rest of his body and he experiences numbness in the leg. He is most likely experiencing a) anemic hypoxia b) ischemic hypoxia c) hypoxic hypoxia d) histotoxic hypoxia e) allergic hypoxia.
b) ischemic hypoxia
The neurons of the pontine respiratory group transmit nerve impulses to the a) hypothalamus b) medulla c) cerebellum d) thalamus e) spinal cord
b) medulla
77) The surgical procedure used to cosmetically reshape the nose or to correct a deviated septum or fracture of the nose is called a) otoplasty b) rhinoplasty c) mammoplasty d) laryngoplasty e) ophthalmopathy
b) rhinoplasty
An individual has an ideal weight of 125 pounds. Based on this fact, the estimated size of his anatomical (respiratory) dead space is a) 250 milliliters b) 65 milliliters c) 125 milliliters d) 100 milliliters e) it cannot be determined with just this fact
c) 125 milliliters
Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system? a) Stratified squamous epithelium with keratin b) Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells c) Hyaline cartilage d) Mucus membrane e) Bone
c) Hyaline cartilage
Which of the following indicates the direction of diffusion of gases at the pulmonary alveoli of the lungs? a) Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide into blood b) Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide into blood c) Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood d) Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood
c) Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood
A man is found lying unconscious on the floor of his apartment during a very cold period. A space heater is nearby. His lips appear to be cherry red in color. He might be suffering from a) carbon dioxide poisoning b) sulfur dioxide poisoning c) carbon monoxide poisoning d) excessive oxygen intake. e) any of these is possible.
c) carbon monoxide poisoning
The cartilages and muscles of the larynx develop from the a) endoderm of the respiratory diverticulum b) tracheal bud c) fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches d) bronchial buds e) mesoderm surrounding the respiratory diverticulum
c) fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches
The volume of one breath is called the a) inspiratory reserve volume b) expiratory reserve volume c) tidal volume d) vital capacity e) forced expiratory volume.
c) tidal volume
Which of the following is the primary gas exchange site? a) Trachea b) Bronchiole c) Nasal sinuses d) Alveolus e) Bronchus
d) Alveolus
Which of the following hormones does NOT stimulate production of BPG? a) Epinephrine b) Thyroxine c) Testosterone d) Calcitonin e) HGH
d) Calcitonin
Which of the following is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport in blood? a) Bound to hemoglobin b) Bound to oxygen c) Dissolved in plasma as a gas d) Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions e) Dissolved in the cytosol of the RBC
d) Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
Which of the following is an accessory inhalatory muscle? a) Diaphragm b) Internal intercostal c) External intercostal d) Pectoralis minor e) Rectus abdominis
d) Pectoralis minor
Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory system? a) Nasal cavities b) Laryngopharynx c) Oropharynx d) Trachea e) Nasal meatuses
d) Trachea
The sum of the partial pressures of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gasses in our environment is called a) environmental pressure b) gaseous pressure c) total partial pressure d) atmospheric pressure e) vapor pressure.
d) atmospheric pressure
Exercise bring about an increase in a) pulmonary perfusion b) oxygen diffusion capacity c) carbon dioxide retention d) both a and b e) both b and c
d) both a and b
The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ears, nose and throat is a) otology b) laryngology c) pulmonology d) otolaryngology e) ophthalmology
d) otolaryngology
A white baby boy is born after 7 months of gestation. He develops difficulty breathing and looks slightly blue. He is most likely suffering from a) the flu b) bacterial pneumonia c) asthma d) respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) e) viral pneumonia.
d) respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Coryza is the medical name for a) influenza b) bacterial pneumonia c) viral pneumonia d) the common cold e) asthma
d) the common cold
If each hemoglobin molecule has bound 3 oxygen molecules, the hemoglobin is considered to be saturated at what percentage? a) 30% b) 3% c) 50% d) 15% e) 75%
e) 75%
Which of the following is a conducting zone action? a) Clean air of debris b) Conduct air into the lungs c) Add water to air d) Warm air e) All of these are actions of the conducting zone
e) All of these are actions of the conducting zone
Which of the following is a factor that affects pulmonary ventilation? a) Lung compliance b) Surface tension of the alveolar fluid c) Elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs d) Airway resistance e) All of these are factors that affect pulmonary ventilation
e) All of these are factors that affect pulmonary ventilation
Which of the following is a factor that determines the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange? a) Partial pressure difference of gases b) Surface area availability for gas exchange c) Diffusion distance d) Molecular weight and solubility of the gases e) All of these are factors that determine the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange
e) All of these are factors that determine the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange
Which of the following is NOT a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on? a) Partial pressure difference of the gases b) Surface area for gas exchange c) Diffusion distance d) Molecular weight and solubility of the gases e) Force of contraction of diaphragm
e) Force of contraction of diaphragm
Which of the following is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen? a) pH of blood b) Partial pressure of the oxygen c) Amount of oxygen available d) Temperature e) Respiratory rate
e) Respiratory rate
With which body system does the respiratory system work to regulate the pH of body fluids? a) Muscular b) Digestive c) Nervous d) Endocrine e) Urinary
e) Urinary