CH. 23 Study Guide

34. Which of the following best describes the distribution of nationalities within the Habsburg empire (Map 24-4, p. 608)? a. Germans in the west, Magyars in the east, Serbs in the south, Poles in the north b. Italians in the west, Germans in the east, Serbs in the south, Czechs in the north c. Italians in the west, Magyars in the east, Czechs in the south, Slovaks in the north d. Germans in the west, Romanians in the east, Ukrainians in the south, Croats in the north

a. Germans in the west, Magyars in the east, Serbs in the south, Poles in the north

5. According to Giuseppe Mazzini (Document, pp. 590-591), what is the relationship between religion and nationalism? a. The nation is derived from God and is a part of God's will. b. The people's religion determines the nature of their nation. c. A nation governed by religion is the highest form of rule. d. Religion should have nothing to do with nationalism

a. The nation is derived from God and is a part of God's will.

35. The Compromise of 1867 transformed the Hapsburg Empire into a. a dual monarchy. c. four administrative units. b. a republic. d. a dependency of Italy.

a. a dual monarchy.

10. The Great Reform Bill a. expanded the British electorate by over 200,000. b. formally abolished slavery in all British territories. c. removed all obstacles to internal trade on the British continent. d. established home rule for Ireland.

a. expanded the British electorate by over 200,000.

1. In the nineteenth century, a major change in political identity centered on a shift (Global Perspective, pp. 588-589) a. from ruler to state. c. from nobility to generals. b. from family to town. d. from serf to peasant.

a. from ruler to state.

8. The Decembrist Revolt of 1825 was important because a. it ended the influence of liberalism in Russian politics. b. it led to greater democratization in Russian government. c. it made the army a greater political force in Russian affairs. d. it forced Russia to become more isolationist.

a. it ended the influence of liberalism in Russian politics.

37. Prime Minister William Gladstone supported Irish home rule in 1886 because a. it was consistent with his liberal beliefs. b. the British needed the Irish to ally with them against the French. c. of the economic demands the rule of Ireland made on the Exchequer. d. All of these answers are correct.

a. it was consistent with his liberal beliefs.

32. The Prussian defeat of Austria in 1866 a. permanently excluded the Habsburgs from German affairs. b. resulted in a harsh treaty in which Austria lost a great amount of territory to Prussia. c. left Hanover the only major competitor for leadership among the German states. d. prolonged the Schleswig-Holstein problem.

a. permanently excluded the Habsburgs from German affairs.

13. The dynamic force for change in the Revolutions of 1848 originated with the a. political liberals. c. military of various countries. b. working classes. d. upper classes.

a. political liberals.

20. The Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1854 a. stated that the people of each new state would vote on whether slavery would be allowed. b. called for a slave to be considered as 3/5 of a person for voting representation. c. allowed Kansas to enter the Union as a slave state, Nebraska as a free state. d. declared that slaves did not become free by living in free states.

a. stated that the people of each new state would vote on whether slavery would be allowed.

15. In the Northwest Territory of the United States, slavery was a. strictly prohibited. b. considered on a state-by-state basis. c. strongly encouraged. d. heavily resisted.

a. strictly prohibited.

12. Daniel O'Connell was instrumental in a. the agitation for Catholic emancipation in Ireland. b. the expansion of the Irish voting franchise to members of the lower classes. c. achieving a close political relationship with the Tories. d. leading the movement for home rule in Ireland.

a. the agitation for Catholic emancipation in Ireland.

31. The Danish War of 1864 was begun over a. the annexation and administration of Schleswig and Holstein. b. Austrian desire to control Denmark. c. Danish abuse of its German population. d. German belief in the superiority of German culture.

a. the annexation and administration of Schleswig and Holstein.

27. The Crimean War was significant because it led to a. the end of the Concert of Europe. b. Russian acquisition of Constantinople. c. the elimination of the use of cavalry in combat. d. None of these answers are correct.

a. the end of the Concert of Europe.

33. The kleindeutsch or "small German" policy of Bismarck a. ultimately excluded Austria from German affairs. b. was a plan to unite Germany slowly and gradually. c. brought all German-speaking peoples together under the same government. d. aimed at the creation of an economically self-sufficient German state.

a. ultimately excluded Austria from German affairs.

26. The Crimean War involved a. Britain, France, and Russia against the Ottoman Empire and Austria. b. Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire against Russia. c. Prussia and Russia against the Ottoman Empire and Britain. d. Russia and the Ottoman Empire against Prussia and Austria.

b. Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire against Russia.

3. The two countries that used nationalism to unite internally in the late nineteenth century were a. France and Italy. c. Britain and Germany. b. Italy and Germany. d. Germany and Russia.

b. Italy and Germany.

4. In the nineteenth century, nationalism served a significantly divisive role for all of the following countries except a. Great Britain. c. Poland. b. Italy. d. Austria.

b. Italy.

9. In France, the July Monarchy replaced a. a liberal king with a more nationalistic one. b. a conservative king with a more liberal one. c. a king with a parliamentary democracy. d. a Protestant king with a Catholic one.

b. a conservative king with a more liberal one.

19. William Lloyd Garrison was a. the founder of the underground railroad. b. a leading abolitionist. c. responsible for "Bleeding Kansas." d. responsible for the Compromise of 1850.

b. a leading abolitionist.

23. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution a. established broad patterns of civil rights. b. abolished slavery. c. prohibited political activities by former Confederates. d. imposed military government on the South.

b. abolished slavery.

11. The Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 a. resulted in the political independence of Ireland. b. allowed Catholics to become members of Parliament. c. seemed to create an Anglican monopoly in British political life. d. allowed all Irish citizens to vote.

b. allowed Catholics to become members of Parliament.

38. Anti-Semitism a. originated with Hitler's belief that Jews caused Germany to lose World War I. b. became acute because of scholarly writings on racism in the nineteenth century. c. worked to dispel stereotypes about Jews and to end discrimination. d. was popular only in eastern Europe, where Jews were more numerous.

b. became acute because of scholarly writings on racism in the nineteenth century.

40. Magyars in the Austro-Hungarian empire embraced constitutionalism to a. undermine the power of the emperor. b. dominate competing national groups. c. assert Hungarian independence. d. create a more democratic state.

b. dominate competing national groups.

28. Camillo Cavour believed a. a united Italy should be a republic. b. economic development would lead to self-rule. c. that Italy had to be united by "blood and iron." d. Italian unification should follow the borders set at the Congress of Vienna.

b. economic development would lead to self-rule.

25. In nineteenth-century Canada, liberal and nationalist movements led to a. the secession of French-speaking territories. b. parliamentary self-government with the British monarch at the head. c. the implementation of a federal system similar to that of the United States. d. a violent confrontation between English and French cultures.

b. parliamentary self-government with the British monarch at the head.

22. All of the following contributed to growing polarization in U.S. politics over slavery except a. the Mexican-American War. b. the Fourteenth Amendment. c. John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry. d. the Dred Scott decision.

b. the Fourteenth Amendment.

24. During the Reconstruction period, the American South experienced all of the following significant changes except a. many former political leaders left political life. b. the basis of the economy was transformed. c. the establishment of a large free labor market. d. military occupation by armies of the North.

b. the basis of the economy was transformed.

17. Which of the following is the most accurate description of the economic division between the northern and southern states of the United States by the late nineteenth century? a. The North was more agricultural and the South more industrial. b. The North had considerably less wealth than the South. c. The North was economically diverse, the South more focused on a few sectors. d. The North was more dependent on foreign trade than the South.

c. The North was economically diverse, the South more focused on a few sectors.

36. In the Habsburg domains, nineteenth-century nationalism a. promoted peaceful unification plans. b. led to the creation of several new states. c. caused major political instability. d. was not a significant factor.

c. caused major political instability.

18. Most American slaves a. maintained their native religions. b. converted to Catholicism. c. combined native African religions with Protestant faith. d. None of these answers are correct.

c. combined native African religions with Protestant faith.

29. In obtaining Italian unification, Cavour a. worked closely with Mazzini. b. used Austrian cooperation to pursue unification. c. forced Garibaldi to give up the notion of a republican Italy. d. supported Garibaldi's romantic nationalism.

c. forced Garibaldi to give up the notion of a republican Italy.

6. All of the following were aspects of liberalism except a. that the legitimacy of government emanates from the freely given consent of the governed. b. that state officials must be responsible to the representatives of the people rather than to the monarch. c. that democracy, not monarchy, is the ideal form of government. d. a dislike for the monopolization of government by the nobility.

c. that democracy, not monarchy, is the ideal form of government.

2. All of the following can describe nineteenth-century nationalism except a. a belief that the destiny of people in a particular country has been chosen by God. b. an ideology that supports self-government for people of the same or similar cultures. c. the government takeover of industry in the name of the greater common good. d. the harmonious activity of ethnic groups, directed toward a common purpose

c. the government takeover of industry in the name of the greater common good.

41. Arthur de Gobineau attributed European problems to a. the presence of the Jews. b. the lack of racial mixing. c. the long degeneration of the Aryan race. d. None of these answers are correct.

c. the long degeneration of the Aryan race.

16. The expansion of cotton-growing in the American South was largely the result of a. the invention of the cotton gin. b. the expansion of the global textile industry. c. high cotton prices. d. All of these answers are correct.

d. All of these answers are correct.

7. Economically, the classical liberals of the nineteenth century a. opposed government regulation of wages. b. sought the removal of economic restraints associated with mercantilism. c. supported the creation of internal markets through improved transportation. d. All of these answers are correct.

d. All of these answers are correct.

21. The expansion of the United States in the nineteenth century included all of the following states except (Map 24-3, p. 600) a. Louisiana. c. Oregon. b. Texas. d. None of these answers are correct.

d. None of these answers are correct.

30. Otto von Bismarck was a. a self-made liberal businessman who united Germany. b. the moderately liberal king of Prussia who united Germany. c. a Prussian military commander who forced German unification. d. the conservative Prussian minister who united Germany.

d. the conservative Prussian minister who united Germany.

39. Theodor Herzl responded to anti-Semitism by advocating a. antidiscrimination legislation. b. the forced evacuation of Jews from volatile areas. c. the opening up of all professions to Jews. d. the creation of a separate Jewish state.

d. the creation of a separate Jewish state.

14. The most significant consequence of the Revolutions of 1848 was a. the establishment of liberal governments in central Europe. b. the increasingly violent tactics employed by the working classes. c. the triumph of nationalism as a force for political change. d. the emergence of strongly conservative governments across Europe.

d. the emergence of strongly conservative governments across Europe.